Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) due to road traffic accidents are responsible for part of care provided at trauma centers.Purpose: This research aimed to analyze the pattern of MFTs and associated factors in victims of road traffic accidents. Methods: A total of 873 medical records of patients with MFTs in 2 reference hospitals for trauma in Northeastern Brazil during the period from January 2011 to December 2018 were analyzed. Data were included in the Tweedie multiple regression analysis to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR), with 95% confidence interval ( 95% CI) and P < 0.05. Results: Motorcycle accidents were the most prevalent (76.4%). Higher hospital costs were the result of patients victims of motorcycle accidents (PR ¼ 1.56; 95% CI ¼ 1.29-1.88; P < 0.001), diagnosed with mandible fracture (PR ¼ 1.41; 95% CI ¼ 1.07-1.86; P ¼ 0.001) who had consumed alcoholic beverages (PR ¼ 1.12; 95% CI ¼ 1.00-1.25; P ¼ 0.04) and did not use personal protective equipment (PPE) (PR ¼ 1.29; 95% CI ¼ 1.10-1.50; P ¼ 0.001). Patients victims of motorcycle accidents remained in hospital longer than other etiologies (PR ¼ 1.47; 95% CI ¼ 1.23-1.76; P < 0.001). The consumption of alcoholic beverages resulted in more severe MFTs (PR ¼ 2.05; 95% CI ¼ 1.34-3.14; P ¼ 0.001). Conclusion: Victims of motorcycle accidents remained hospitalized longer and resulted in higher hospital costs compared to other etiologies. Alcohol consumption increases hospital costs and the severity of MFTs. Higher hospital costs were also observed in patients who did not use PPE. Strategies need to be adopted to understand associated factors in MFTs such as the reallocation of resources to fund, implement and improve services and the surveillance in roads and highways, as well as prevention programs aimed at this health problem.

O carcinoma de células escamosas de lábio inferior é uma das neoplasias malignas mais comuns da região oral e maxilofacial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar um caso clínico de carcinoma epidermóide em assoalho bucal. Paciente do sexo feminino, 57 anos, tabagista e etilista por um período de dez anos, compareceu a clinica odontológica exibindo um aumento de volume em região de assoalho bucal, com sintomatologia dolorosa, consistência endurecida, e duração de 2 anos. Sob a hipótese clínica de carcinoma epidermoide oral, foi realizada a biópsia incisional, a qual revelou neoplasia maligna epitelial exibindo ninhos e ilhas de células com núcleo hipercromático, moderado pleomorfismo nuclear e celular, e pérolas de ceratina. O estroma exibia moderado infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente mononuclear. Com base no diagnóstico definitivo de carcinoma de células escamosas, o paciente foi encaminhado para um centro de referência contra o câncer. Os achados do presente caso ressaltam a importância do correto diagnóstico e enaltece a importância de um exame clínico minucioso, sendo necessário correlacionar os dados clínicos, radiográficos e histopatológicos para o correto diagnóstico.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the oral and maxillofacial region. When diagnosed in the early stages, the prognosis for this injury is considered good, with more than 90% of patients showing a 5-year survival.However, for cases with metastasis in cervical lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate of patients can reach only 30%, configuring a worse prognosis. The aim of the present study is to perform a literature review on the clinical and pathological aspects of lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. The findings in the literature highlight the importance of a correct diagnosis and highlight the importance of a thorough clinical examination, and it is necessary to correlate the clinical, radiographic and histopathological data for the correct diagnosis of this malignant lesion.