Purpose This study aims to identify the effect of selected agro-industrial factors associated with the olive oil phenolic composition, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability index (OSI). The study also aims to assess the relationship between the quality indices and each of the individual phenol, TPC, antioxidant capacity and OSI. Design/methodology/approach Olive oil samples (n=108) were collected from Lebanese northern (Akkar and Zgharta-Koura) and southern (Hasbaya and Jezzine) regions, at three harvesting times (early, intermediate, late) and using different types of mills (traditional, sinolea, two- and three-phase decanters). The samples were analyzed using official standard methods. Findings The highest TPC, antioxidant capacity and OSI were obtained in early harvested olive oil, using two-phase decanters for TPC and three-phase decanters for antioxidant capacity and OSI. A prediction model, including the free acidity, K232, TPC, C18:2, C18:0, tyrosol and apigenin, was obtained; it allowed to predict very highly significantly the OSI (p < 0.001). Apigenin, tyrosol and C18:2 recorded the highest standardized coefficients (ß^+= 0.35) and thus had the highest influence on OSI. As per antioxidant capacity of olive oil, another very highly statistically significant prediction model was constructed (p < 0.001). It included only two predictors, oleacein and TPC, with the latter having the most influence (ß^+= 0.37). Originality/value The overall results highlighted the detrimental effects of agro-industrial factors on olive oil chemical composition, and this contributes significantly to improve olive oil’s quality and characteristics, which are important for the product economical and nutritional values.
Background. The prevalence of functional bowel disorders is on the rise worldwide. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized mainly by abdominal cramps, flatulence, and abnormal bowel movements. Due to the lack of specific biomarkers and of a specific diagnostic test, IBS is diagnosed according to the Rome IV clinical criteria. The current holistic approach recommends dietary management as the initial therapy for IBS patients with mild and moderate symptoms. Objectives. This review examines the studies on the effect of various types of diets on IBS as well as on the primary dietary therapy in IBS patients. Material and methods. A literature review of published studies was conducted by searching the Medline-PubMed database using the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) descriptor and the following keyword combinations: "irritable bowel syndrome" and "treatment" (n = 11 articles), "irritable bowel syndrome" and "diet or nutrition" (n = 26 articles), "irritable bowel syndrome" (n = 9 articles), and "gluten", "irritable bowel syndrome" and "lactose" (n = 4 articles). Results. Contradictory results were found in many studies regarding several diets such as diet excluding gas-producing foods, diet low in lactose, gluten-free diet, diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) and the role of fiber, alcohol, caffeine, and natural remedies and their applications in different IBS subtypes. Conclusions. Short-term restriction of FODMAP may be the most effective dietary intervention for reducing IBS symptoms compared to other types of diet.
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