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25. Tam CS, Abruzzo LV, Lin KI, et al. The role of cytogenetic abnormalities as a prognostic marker in primary myelofibrosis: applicability at the time of diagnosis and later during disease course.

GBE has been shown to have antioxidant and vascular effects, making it potentially effective in treating glaucoma. Published data are limited but show an increase in ocular blood flow after GBE administration. Conclusive evidence is lacking regarding the effect of GBE on clinical outcomes in glaucoma patients such as visual field performance.

Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone‐resorbing cells formed by the serial fusion of monocytes. In mice and humans, three distinct subsets of monocytes exist; however, it is unclear if all of them exhibit osteoclastogenic potential. Here we show that in wild‐type (WT) mice, Ly6Chi and Ly6Cint monocytes are the primary source of OC formation when compared to Ly6C− monocytes. Their osteoclastogenic potential is dictated by increased expression of signaling receptors and activation of preestablished transcripts, as well as de novo gain in enhancer activity and promoter changes. In the absence of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a transcription factor important for myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis, all three monocyte subsets are programmed to display higher osteoclastogenic potential. Enhanced NFATc1 nuclear translocation and amplified transcriptomic and epigenetic changes initiated at early developmental stages direct the increased osteoclastogenesis in Irf8‐deficient mice. Collectively, our study provides novel insights into the transcription factors and active cis‐regulatory elements that regulate OC differentiation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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Operating room utilization for resident-performed cataract surgery was enhanced by setting group goals. A multidisciplinary effort to enhance group performance through behavior modification can be implemented immediately and improve efficiency without compromising patient safety or resident teaching.

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