INTRODUCTION: Contraceptive counseling, especially regarding long acting reversible contraception (LARC), is generally directed at women. However, male partners and peers may influence contraceptive decision making. As there are no published studies examining male perceptions of LARC in the United States, this study investigates male knowledge and attitudes of LARC. METHODS: An anonymous electronic cross sectional survey was administered from May to September 2018 to males age 18 to 24 years old. Participants were recruited via university email listservs and in-person at a campus student organization fair. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: Participants (n=97) are predominantly heterosexual (83.5%) men. Of those who are sexually active (63.9%), 98.4% report female partners and trying to avoid pregnancy. The most commonly used methods of contraception are oral contraceptive pills (48.4%) and condoms (80.6%). The majority (76.3%) of participants have not heard of LARC. Prior LARC use is associated with knowledge of LARC (X2(1,97)=4.26, P<.05); however, this association is not seen with use of other contraceptive methods. Despite large confidence intervals (CI), the magnitude of association suggests prior sex is predictive of knowledge of LARC (OR 1.19 95% CI 0.45-3.11). Participants familiar with LARC are generally neutral to very supportive of LARC (87.0%). Additionally, 80.4% of participants are neutral to very interested in learning more about LARC. CONCLUSION: Males age 18 to 24 have limited knowledge of LARC, with an interest in learning more about LARC. This information can be used to shape interventions to bridge knowledge gaps, ultimately helping women make supported contraceptive choices.
INTRODUCTION: A peripartum near-miss event occurs when a woman nearly dies, but survives a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. As maternal deaths are rare occurrences, near-miss cases can be used instead to elucidate the events leading to complications and the obstacles that must be overcome to treat complications, hence providing valuable information on obstetric care. This study aimed to assess maternal near miss at Ayder Referral Hospital (ARH). METHODS: Our study was a retrospective chart review of near miss cases seen at ARH between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017. WHO near miss criteria was used to select cases. RESULTS: Over the study period, there were 3,899 deliveries, 236 near miss, and 13 maternal deaths at ARH. The leading causes of near miss were hemorrhage (41.9%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (41.1%), sepsis (9.3%), labor abnormality (4.6%), and medical disorders of pregnancy (3.6%). In terms of timing of near miss diagnosis, 37.7% occurred antenatally, 25% intrapartum, 32% postpartum, and 5.1% post abortion. 86% of cases were referred from other health facilities. Majority of the patients (80%) arrived to our hospital in critical condition. Ninety percent of the near miss cases had antenatal care (ANC) at health center. CONCLUSION: Near miss is substantial problem in North Ethiopia. Most referred patients arrived in critical condition, suggesting support and transportation from referring institutions should be improved. Additional research is need to assess the quality ANC given that 90% of the near miss cases had ANC.
BACKGROUND: Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) comprises of a diverse group of heterogeneous disorders manifesting in paediatric population. Cases of Inborn errors of metabolism, individually are rare but collectively are common. The timing of presentation depends on significant accumulation of toxic metabolites or on the deficiency of substrate. These disorders manifest by subtle neurologic or psychiatric features often go undiagnosed until adulthood. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study was to carry out preliminary screening on urine samples from pediatric population with either metabolic or neurological manifestations for inborn errors of metabolism and to know the prevalence of aminoaciduria in tertiary care setup for early diagnosis and detection. METHODS: The present study is a cross sectional time bound study carried out at Niloufer Institute of Child Health, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, from August 2013 to July 2014. A total of 119 samples were analyzed from suspected cases of IEM. Samples were analyzed for all physical and chemical parameters and positive cases reported by these investigations were referred for confirmation by TMS, HPLC, and GCMS. RESULTS: Among 119 children analyzed, 29 were given presumptive diagnosis of IEM based on screening tests, urinary aminoacidogram by TLC and clinical correlation. Analysis of the data showed that maximum were in the neonatal age group. Out of these 29 positive cases, 17 were generalized aminoacidurias, 2 were branched chain aminoaciduria, another 2 were methylmalonic aciduria, and one cases each of other aminoacidurias. CONCLUSION: Early recognition of IEM by screening tests in combination with strong clinical suspicion will help the clinicians to initiate prompt early treatment to prevent lethal neurological complications and developmental delay. These simple screening tests are highly cost effective and will reduce the economic burden of the patients.
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