We present a case of an 11-year-old girl with eye swelling and hip pain and the use of point-of-care hip ultrasound (US) to facilitate diagnosis of a septic hip. We review the US technique, sonographic findings, and relevant literature regarding point-of-care hip US.
Background and objectives Inpatient pediatric care is increasingly provided by pediatric hospitalists. This, in addition to changes in resident duty hour restrictions, has led to the creation of new models of care for inpatient pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to compare traditional outcome measures between a pediatric hospitalist-only service and a more traditional academic service in which care was provided by pediatric hospitalists, residents, and medical students. Attending physicians on the hospitalist-only service had an average of 1.7 years of post-residency experience compared to an average 16 years of experience for those working on the traditional academic service. Methods This retrospective cohort study (hospitalist-only v. teaching service) used electronic medical records data of patients (n=1,059) admitted to a quaternary care, academic, children’s hospital in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania with diagnoses of bronchiolitis, viral syndrome, and gastroenteritis from July 2011 to June 2014. Primary outcome measures included length of stay, hospital costs, and readmission rates. Results Patients with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis admitted to the hospitalist-only service had a significantly higher severity-of-illness-score than those admitted to the teaching service. A decreased length of stay and lower hospital costs were seen for patients admitted to the hospitalist-only service; however, these differences did not reach a level of statistical significance. Conclusion There were no statistically significant differences in the outcome measures of patients with common pediatric illnesses admitted to a hospitalist-only versus a teaching hospitalist service. The model of a hospitalist-only service staffed by recent residency graduates may provide an efficient and effective model of care as patients admitted to this service had similar outcome measures to those patients cared for by more-experienced attending physicians.
BACKGROUND: The evaluation of febrile infants ≤60 days of age is often guided by established protocols. However, structural racism and physicians’ implicit bias may affect how such clinical guidelines are applied. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between self-identified race, insurance type, ZIP code–based median household income (MHI) and receiving a guideline-concordant lumbar puncture (GCLP) in febrile infants. METHODS: This was a 3-year retrospective cross-sectional study of all febrile infants ≤60 days old presenting to a children’s hospital from 2015 to 2017. GCLP was defined as obtaining or appropriately not obtaining a lumbar puncture as defined by the hospital’s clinical practice guideline, which recommended performing a lumbar puncture for all febrile infants ≤60 days of age unless an infant was >28 days of age and had respiratory syncytial virus-positive bronchiolitis. Univariate analyses were used to identify variables associated with receiving a GCLP. Variables with a P < .1 were included in a multivariate logistic regression with race, MHI, and insurance type. RESULTS: We included 965 infants. Age (adjusted odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–0.97) and temperature on arrival (adjusted odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.78) were significantly associated with receipt of a GCLP. Self-identified race, insurance type, and MHI were not associated with receiving a GCLP. CONCLUSION: Receipt of a GCLP was not associated with race, MHI, or insurance type. As recent national guidelines change to increase shared decision-making, physician awareness and ongoing assessment of the role of factors such as race and socioeconomic status in the clinical evaluation and outcomes of febrile infants will be critical.
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