OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the places of purchase of food consumed outside the home, characterize consumers according to the places of consumption, and identify the food purchased by place of consumption in Brazil.METHODS We have used data from the Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (Household Budget Survey) of 2008-2009 with a sample of 152,895 subjects over 10 years of age. The purchase of food outside the home was collected from the records of all expenditures made in seven days. The places of purchase were grouped according to their characteristics: supermarket, bakery, street food, restaurant, snack bar, fruit shop, and other places. The types of food were grouped into nine categories, considering the nutritional aspects and the marketing characteristics of the item. We have estimated the frequency of purchase in the seven groups of places in Brazil and according to gender and type of food purchased per place. We have calculated the average age, income and years of education, as well as the per capita expenditure according to places of purchase of food consumed outside the home.RESULTS The purchase of food outside the home was reported by 41.2% of the subjects, being it greater among men than women (44% versus 38.5%). Adults had a higher frequency (46%) than teenagers (37.7%) and older adults (24.2%). The highest frequency of places of purchase were snack bar (16.9%) and restaurant (16.4%), while the fruit shop (1.2%) presented the lowest frequency. Sweets, snack chips and soft drinks were the most purchased items in most places. Average expenditure was higher for restaurant (R$33.20) and lower for fruit shop (R$4.10) and street food (R$5.00).CONCLUSIONS The highest percentage of food consumed outside the home comes from snack bars and restaurants, pointing to important places for the development of public policies focused on promoting healthy eating.

Away-from-home food consumption in the Northeast Region contributed to higher energy and poorer nutrient intake. Therefore, the development of public policies and strategies that favor health food choices when individuals eat away from home is necessary.

OBJETIVO Descrever a evolução do consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio no Brasil no período 2008–2018. MÉTODOS Foram usados dados dos Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação (INA) de 2008–2009 e 2017–2018, realizados com 34.003 e 46.164 indivíduos, respectivamente, para estimar a frequência de consumo de alimentos fora de casa e a contribuição desse consumo para alimentos específicos. O consumo de alimentos foi investigado por meio de registros alimentares no INA 2008–2009 e de recordatórios 24 horas em 2017–2018. As estimativas foram geradas para o Brasil como um todo, para áreas urbana e rural, para faixas de idade (adolescente, adulto, idoso) e para faixas de renda. RESULTADOS A frequência de consumo fora de casa diminuiu 8,8% entre os dois inquéritos, sem alteração na área rural, nas regiões Nordeste e Sul e nas menores faixas de renda. Houve leve aumento entre idosos e na região Centro-Oeste. De modo geral, a contribuição do consumo alimentar fora de casa para a ingestão diária de energia também diminuiu (16,3% vs. 12,7%), com exceção da área rural, onde houve redução da diferença em relação à área urbana entre os dois inquéritos. O consumo de alimentos fora de casa foi reduzido para a maioria dos itens avaliados. Os alimentos mais consumidos fora de casa em ambos os inquéritos foram as bebidas alcoólicas, salgadinhos fritos e assados, refrigerantes, pizzas, doces e sanduíches. CONCLUSÃO Em 10 anos, a prevalência de consumo de alimentos e o percentual de contribuição dos alimentos consumidos fora de casa diminuíram no Brasil, mas os alimentos ultraprocessados ainda figuram como o grupo de alimento mais consumido fora de casa.

Objective To present changes in the estimated amount of food intake in Brazil between the 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 National Dietary Surveys. Methods Food intake data from the 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 surveys were used to highlight the differences in the frequencies of foods mentioned, the number of the measurement units mentioned, and the frequency of measurements that were incompatible with the reported food and were exchanged by the most mentioned measurement (standard measurement), as well as to describe the updates performed in the database between edits. Results The elaboration of the 2017-2018 referenced measurement table was based on the 2008-2009 table, which was revised and updated. In the 2008-2009 survey, 9980 household measurements were mentioned for 1970 types of food and preparations, while in 2017-2018 there were 11050 and 2534, respectively. While in 2008-2009, 2.8% of citations were replaced by the standard measurement, in 2017-2018, only 0.7% of food items needed to be replaced. Conclusion The procedures used to estimate the amount of food intake between the surveys allowed updating the table of household measurements and minimizing errors in the estimate of this amount, with a reduction in measurement units that were inconsistent or incompatible with the aforementioned foods.

Eating away from home and excess weight: an analysis of explanatory mechanismsAlimentación en la calle y el exceso de peso: un análisis de los mecanismos explicativos RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir os possíveis mecanismos da relação entre consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio e ganho excessivo de peso. Métodos: Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos que descrevessem as características dos alimentos consumidos fora do domicílio e de artigos que investigassem a relação entre essas características e o ganho excessivo de peso, publicados nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, Biblioteca Latino-Americana e do Caribe (LILACS) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: Constatouse que diversas características da alimentação fora do domicílio como a elevada densidade energética, o elevado teor de gorduras e açúcares, baixo conteúdo de fibras e cálcio, grandes porções de alimentos altamente palatáveis e ofertados em grande variedade e o consumo elevado de refrigerantes e doces contribuem para o ganho excessivo de peso. Conclusão: Constatada a importância da influência da alimentação fora do domicílio no ganho de peso, várias propostas são sugeridas para melhorar a oferta de alimentos saudáveis nas refeições realizadas fora de casa, no entanto, mais estudos são necessários para compreender quais mudanças no setor de alimentação fora de casa são efetivas para reduzir os impactos negativos na saúde da população. Descritores: Alimentação Coletiva; Sobrepeso; Revisão. ABSTRACT Objective:To discuss the possible mechanisms of the relationship between eating away from home and excessive weight gain. Methods: A literature search was conducted to find scientific articles that described the characteristics of the foods consumed outside the home and articles that investigated the relationship between these characteristics and excessive weight gain published in the following databases: MEDLINE, Latin America and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Results: It was found that several characteristics of away-from-home foods such as high energy density, high fat and sugar content, poor fiber and calcium content, large portions of highly palatable foods available in great variety and high consumption of soft drinks and sweets contribute to excessive weight gain. Conclusion: After determining the importance of the influence of eating away from home on weight gain, several proposals are suggested to improve the availability of healthy foods in away-from-home meals; however, further studies are needed to understand which changes in the away-from-home food services are effective to reduce the negative impacts on the population's health.