Mice immunized with recombinant mouse Pneumocystis carinii antigen A12-thiredoxin fusion protein developed an antibody response that recognized P. carinii antigens, as determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Compared to mice immunized with thioredoxin alone, mice immunized with A12-thioredoxin had significantly reduced lung P. carinii burdens after CD4 ؉ T-cell depletion and challenge with P. carinii.
Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. A protective monoclonal antibody (MAb) termed 4F11 generated against mouse-derived P. carinii was shown by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to bind surface antigens of P. carinii derived from multiple host species, including humans. We have identified multiple epitopes recognized by MAb 4F11 in two recombinant mouse P. carinii antigens. The epitopes mapped have similar proline content and positive charge distribution. The consensus 8-mer epitope recognized by MAb 4F11 is K/RPA/RPK/QPA/TP. Immune sera raised against intact mouse P. carinii recognized native antigens affinity purified with MAb 4F11 and a recombinant antigen reactive with MAb 4F11. Database searches for short, nearly exact matches to the mapped MAb 4F11 epitopes identified a bacterial surface antigen, Streptococcus pneumoniae PspA, with a similar proline-rich region. In an IFA, MAb 4F11 detected antigens on the S. pneumoniae surface, and Western blotting identified a protein in S. pneumoniae lysates consistent with the M r of PspA. A fragment of the S. pneumoniae PspA gene was cloned and sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequence contained a region with strong similarity to the MAb 4F11 epitopes identified in P. carinii. The PspA recombinant polypeptide was recognized by MAb 4F11 in a Western blot. The ability of MAb 4F11 to recognize similar proline-rich epitopes may explain its ability to recognize P. carinii derived from multiple hosts and will permit testing of the epitopes recognized by this antibody in immunization against P. carinii.Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes pneumonia (P. carinii pneumonia [PCP]) in the immunocompromised host. PCP, as well as other opportunistic infections, underwent a dramatic rise in prevalence with the onset of the AIDS epidemic (28). With the development of highly effective antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of PCP in AIDS patients has declined, though it remains the most commonly diagnosed serious opportunistic infection in AIDS patients (33). PCP is also prevalent in persons undergoing chemotherapy or other immunosuppressive therapy for cancer and organ transplantations (28). The most common drug treatments for P. carinii infections are trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and aerosolized pentamidine. Because adverse side effects, recurrent infections, and poor compliance are problems with these drugs, alternative treatments or preventative measures against PCP are needed to eradicate this serious opportunistic infection.P. carinii cannot be continuously cultured outside of its host. P. carinii also has a host species-dependent specificity which complicates the ability to use animal-derived organisms to immunize humans. P. carinii organisms derived from different hosts have isoform variants of common antigens, resulting in different (i.e., noncrossreactive) antigenic determinants (11, 13). Attempts to infect laboratory animals with P. carinii isolated from hete...
Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) in the immunocompromised host. We investigated the role of antibody Fc-mediated function in passive prophylaxis against the development of PCP in SCID mice. By comparison of anti-mouse P. carinii immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) 4F11(G1) and its F(ab)2 derivative in an intranasal immunoprophylaxis model, we determined that Fc-mediated function is required for maximum effect of this antibody. Comparison of efficacy of antibody prophylaxis in SCID mice depleted of complement to that in nondepleted mice demonstrated that complement fixation by MAb 4F11(G1) is also necessary for optimal effect of passively administered antibody, although residual protection was observed in complement-depleted SCID mice. The necessity of complement for optimal PCP prophylaxis by MAb 4F11(G1) suggests that complement may play a role in antibody-mediated protection against development of PCP.
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