Research findings suggest that users' preexperiment level of involvement with and attitude toward the present system are positively associated with their desire to participate in the development of the new system. Study results also indicate that users' a priori self-efficacy beliefs regarding their perceived abifity to effectively contribute to the development process are positively related to desired participation. Pre-to post-experiment gains in psychological and behavioral variables are next assessed. In the instrumental voice condition, user involvement, user attitude, and performance gains are significantly highest. User attitude and involvement gains are significantly higher in the non-instrumental voice condition than in the no voice condition; however, gains in user performance are not significantly different between these treatment conditions. Research findings indicate that user participation can be effective, particularly when users perceive a noticeable degree of instrumental control over the decision outcome.

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In this study we examined the extent to which compensation method and public disclosure influenced information search strategy and escalation of commitment. A laboratory experiment involving 182 student subjects employed a 3 (compensation: no‐pay, salary, and contingent) by 2 (disclosure level: public and private) fully randomized, crossed design. Results show that in light of negative feedback concerning performance results of an investment portfolio, subjects whose initial allocation decisions were announced publicly reduced their search for prospective information, increased the search for retrospective information, and exhibited greater escalation of commitment than subjects who did not announce their initial investment strategy. The search for retrospective information and escalation of commitment was monotonically higher across the no‐pay, salary, and contingent pay conditions respectively, while the search for prospective information decreased correspondingly. This study provides evidence that escalation of commitment is positively related to the search for retrospective information and negatively related to the search for prospective information. The results obtained from this experiment complement and extend prior work in the areas of accountability, cognitive dissonance and escalation of commitment. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Batang; font-size: x-small;">The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of these variables on intention to turnover among public accountants, and to suggest ways to improve retention of both male and female accountants in public practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Results indicate that self-efficacy had a direct, positive relationship with male public accountants&rsquo; intention to turnover; whereas, self-efficacy had no significant relationship with females&rsquo; intentions to turnover.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Assertiveness had a direct, positive relationship with female public accountants&rsquo; intentions to turnover, but had no significant relationship with male public accountants&rsquo; intention to turn over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In addition, evidence presented in this paper demonstrates that while stress is higher among female public accountants, and is related to intention to turnover for both genders, intention to turn over is not higher among female public accountants than male public accountants. </span></p>

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