The study objective was to determine reference values of selected biochemical parameters of the haemolymph of Cepaea nemoralis snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Helicidae). The study determined the activity of aminotransferases (AST and ALT), which was 11.22 ± 10.92 [u/l] and 6.72 ± 3.18 [u/l], respectively, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at a level of 3.92 ± 2.08 [u/l]. The level of amylase (AMY) in the haemolymph was 2.32 ± 0.74 [u/l], while lipase (LIP) was 0.74 ± 0.79 [u/l]. The concentration of urea (UREA) was established at 2.28 ± 0.48 [mg/dl], creatinine (CREA) at 2.28 ± 0.09 [mg/dl], uric acid (UA) at 0.22 ± 0.16 [mg/dl], calcium (Ca) at 21.24 ± 2.4 [mg/dl], and total protein (TP) at 1.38 ± 0.34 [g/l]. The specific gravity of the haemolymph was 1.0 ± 0.002. The haemolymph was obtained from 211 individuals in the active phase collected from their natural habitat. The biochemical parameters of the haemolymph were determined with a BS 180 apparatus (Mindray), and the specific gravity with a refractometer. The article also desrcibes an intravital technique of collecting haemolymph from C. nemoralis. The results obtained may constitute an aid and a guideline for scientists dealing with the physiology of land molluscs.
Vaccinations for pet rabbits using biological preparations registered in Poland provide protection against three clinical entities: myxomatosis, rabbit haemorrhagic disease types 1 and 2 (RHD1 and RHD2). This article presents an analysis of the number of vaccinations performed in rabbits in the years 2011-2020 at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Among the total number of 3304 rabbits admitted to the clinic, 574 visits were for vaccinations, which indicates that the owners of these animals are interested in specific prevention of myxomatosis and RHD. Detailed analysis of the clinic’s records makes it possible to identify certain tendencies, e.g. those associated with the choice of biological preparations or the percentage of immunized animals in different years. Vaccination of rabbits is not difficult for the veterinarian from a technical point of view, it provides excellent protection against lethal infectious diseases, and it can be a source of income for veterinary clinics. For this reason it is worth disseminating knowledge on the vaccination programme for rabbits kept as companion animals among owners of these animals.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.