Introduction It is expected that a child will acquire control of posture (CP) of the head and upper limbs in a gradual, sequential and organized way. However, there is still no consensus regarding the best position to achieve this; the evidence suggests that it is prone. Objective To investigate whether age and inclination of the supporting surface in the prone position influence the alignment of the head and upper limbs of children with typical motor development (TMD) and atypical motor development (AMD). Methods The study included 29 children aged between one and three months divided according to the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) into groups with TMD (n = 18) and AMD (n = 11). The children were placed in the prone position with three angles of the support surface (0°, 25° and 45°). Kinematic analysis was conducted to evaluate the alignment angles of the head and upper limbs. Results Children with TMD had higher head alignment. There was no difference in the upper limbs’ alignment between the group with TMD and the group with AMD. In the third month of age compared with the first, increased head alignment and decreased upper limb alignment were found in both groups. The inclination of the supporting surface did not influence the alignment of the head and upper limbs. Conclusions Among the positions evaluated, the prone position without inclination of the supporting surface was more appropriate for weight discharge in the upper limbs, favoring the development of postural control of the child.

Objective:To evaluate whether flexibility and gender influence students' posture.Method:Evaluation of 60 female and male students, aged 5 to 14 years, divided into two groups: normal flexibility (n=21) and reduced flexibility (n=39). Flexibility and posture were assessed by photogrammetry and by the elevation of the lower limbs in extension, considering the leg angle and the postural evaluation. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess the joint influence of flexibility and gender on the posture-dependent variables. After verifying an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility, multiple comparisons using the t test were applied.Results:Flexibility influenced the symmetry angle of the knee (p<0.05) and anteroposterior body tilt (p<0.05). Gender did not influence postural angles (p>0.05). There was an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility on the knee symmetry angle (p<0.02). Male students with reduced flexibility had greater asymmetry of the knee when compared to the other subgroups.Conclusion:Posture was influenced by an isolated effect of the variable of flexibility and by an interactive effect between gender and flexibility.

| The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of nutritional status and physical activity on the posture of children and adolescents. Sixty individuals from both genders aged between 5 years and 14 years were evaluated. The posture was assessed by photogrammetry. The physical activity level was determined through the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). The nutritional status classification was made using the body mass index for age and gender. The results showed that the physical activity variable had an effect on the shoulder and body asymmetry angles (p<0.05). The active group presented greater asymmetry in the shoulder and body asymmetry angles compared to the sedentary group (p<0.05). The nutritional status did not affect any postural angle (p>0.05). There was no interactive effect between the evaluated variables on the postural angles (p>0.05). The development of preventive and interventionist actions, such as controlled physical activity and nutritional monitoring, is important for the postural alignment of school children and school adolescents.

Children with CLP have longer muscle activation and increased cycle time during the chewing cycle, which might be a consequence of malocclusion, resulting in difficulty chewing.

Resumo Introdução: os hábitos de vida da atualidade têm levado a um estilo de vida mais sedentário, contribuindo para o aumento da obesidade. Desta forma é necessário compreender se estas mudanças influenciam na flexibilidade do indivíduo. Objetivo: verificar se sexo, sedentarismo e perfil nutricional influenciam o nível de flexibilidade de escolares. Método: foram avaliados 60 escolares de ambos os sexos com idade entre cinco a 14 anos, divididos em dois grupos: flexibilidade normal (n=21) e flexibilidade reduzida (n=39). A flexibilidade dos escolares foi avaliada por meio da fotogrametria através do teste de elevação dos MMII em extensão considerando o ângulo da perna. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado através do Questionário de Atividade física para Crianças e a classificação do perfil nutricional foi realizada utilizando o Índice de Massa Corporal por idade e com relação ao sexo. Resultados: os grupos com flexibilidade normal e reduzida, não apresentaram diferenças significativas com relação à idade, peso e altura (p>0,05). Não foi observado diferenças (p>0,05) nos ângulos da perna na comparação entre os grupos sedentários e ativos; obesos e não obesos, e entre os grupos do sexo feminino e masculino. Conclusões: o sexo, sedentarismo e o perfil nutricional não influenciaram a flexibilidade dos escolares avaliados.

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