Elliptical Micro-strip Patch Antenna (EMPA) has been emerged as a peculiar and significant category among the different shaped micro-strip patch antennas because of its circular polarization and dual-resonant frequency features with a single feed. Elliptical and its derived shapes such as semielliptical, half-elliptical, slotted-elliptical and elliptical ring are found to be particularly instrumental for bandwidth enhancement and these antennas find great applications in Ultra Wide Band (UWB) and Super Wide Band (SWB) communications. Compared to antennas with circular or rectangular shapes, the design of EMPA is a research area of high potential as there is higher flexibility in its design due to more degrees of freedom. The reported literature in the field of EMPA is very less and there is ample scope for new researchers to work on. This review paper is an attempt to summarize and critically assess the-state-of-the-art design techniques as reported in literature and understand their effects on performance of elliptical patch antenna for suggesting new research fronts in the field of EMPA.
Micro-Strip Patch Antenna (MSPA) finds large scale applications in various fields of communication. Elliptical shaped patch antenna is a prominent category among MSPAs. Possibility of circular polarization and dual resonant frequencies makes the Elliptical Micro-strip Patch Antenna (EMPA) widely accepted in modern communication devices. The present work aims to identify the constraints in further advancements in the design of EMPA and propose a novel shape to overcome these constraints. Minimizing the patch area and increasing the number of degrees of freedom in design were found to be the challenges. To overcome these challenges, a newly shaped patch called ‘DoubleElliptical Patch (DEP)’ is proposed for designing ‘DoubleElliptical Micro-strip Patch Antenna (DEMPA)’. A double-ellipse is a combination of two half-ellipses either with the same minor axis and different semi-major axes or with the same major axis and different semi-minor axes. The DEP has an additional degree of freedom in design compared to elliptical patch, which leads to greater design flexibility. In the present work, a DEP with the same horizontal major axis and centrally given feed was designed using Ansoft HFSS software. The semi-minor axis of upper halfellipse was varied by keeping the semi-minor axis of lower halfellipse a constant. The radiation properties of DEMPA were found to be similar to that of corresponding EMPA and this was achieved with less patch area. The maximum percentage reduction in patch area was 10.714%. The DEMPA covered the entire frequency range of Ultra Wide Band (UWB).
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