<p><strong>Background.</strong> Given the production conditions in the resulting dry tropics, supplementation and use of protein sources is necessary. <strong>Objective.</strong> The objective of this study was to evaluate <em>in vitro</em> gas production, <em>in vitro</em> fermentation characteristics, productive response, ruminal characteristics, and apparent nutrient digestibility of a whole diet with sesame paste or soybean paste in calf feed. <strong>Methodology.</strong> <em>In vitro</em> total gas production was measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. In addition, Eight Simbrah calves of 229 ± 39 kg live weight (LW) were fed a whole diet containing 10% soybean paste (control) or sesame paste (experimental). The study lasted 40 days and productive variables, nutrient digestibility and ruminal characteristics were determined. The experimental design was completely randomized. <strong>Results.</strong> Total gas production at 3 hours was 39% higher (p <0.05). in the control treatment, while at 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 h and accumulated it was not different (p> 0.05). The dry matter intake (DMI) and the daily weight gain (DWA) did not change (p> 0.05) between treatments. In feed conversion (FC) the calves of the control treatment were 2.04% more efficient. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was 3.9% higher (p <0.05) in calves fed sesame paste; while the digestibility of dry matter (DDM), organic matter, (DOM), acid detergent fiber (DADF), crude protein (DCP) and ruminal characteristics did not change (p> 0.05) between treatments. <strong>Implications.</strong> The use of sesame paste as a protein source gives a favorable productive response like soybean paste. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> The inclusion of sesame paste in whole calf diets can replace soybean paste in the whole calf diet in the tropics.</p>
-The objective of this research was to evaluate the productive capacity of orchard grass alone and associated with perennial ryegrass and white clover sown at different proportions. Treatments consisted of the following associations and monoculture: 100-00-00, 70-20-10, 50-00-50, 40-40-20, 40-20-40, 20-70-10, 20-40-40, and 00-50-50% of orchard grass, perennial ryegrass, and white clover, respectively. The eight treatments were randomly distributed into 24 experimental plots of 9 × 8 m according to a completely randomized block design with three replicates. On average, the associations that had the highest herbage yield in two years were 40-20-40, 20-70-10, and 20-40-40 with 21038, 20709, and 20073 kg DM ha −1 , respectively, and the lowest herbage yield was registered by monoculture with 12793 kg DM ha −1 . The associations with higher herbage yield exceeded that of monoculture by about 61%. Independently of the association, in summer, the highest percentage was found to be orchard grass and in winter, it was white clover, while perennial ryegrass had the lowest percentage throughout the study. The associations of grasses and legumes have higher herbage yield when compared with the monoculture of orchard grass. The legume has a better behaviour when it is associated with perennial ryegrass and worse with orchard grass.
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la cinética de fermentación y la degradación in vitro de tres leguminosas nativas del municipio de Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. Los sustratos fueron vainas, hojas y planta completa de centrosema (Centrosema plumiere), frijolillo (Phaseolus lunatus var. silvester) y frijolillo-tamarindo (Phaseolus lunatus). Los biodigestores contenían 0.5 g de un sustrato y 50 ml de medio de cultivo. Los biodigestores se incubaron en baño maría a 39 °C por 72 h. La producción de gas se midió a las 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 y 72 h. La producción de gas se usó para obtener los parámetros volumen máximo (Vm), tasa de producción de gas (S) y tiempo lag (λ). La degradación de la materia seca (DEGMS) y degradación de la fibra detergente neutra (DEGFDN) se determinaron por diferencia de peso. El análisis estadístico fue un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3x3. La vaina de centrosema produjo el mayor Vm, la hoja de centrosema y vaina de frijolillo-tamarindo la mayor S, la hoja, planta y vaina de centrosema el menor λ, la vaina de centrosema la mayor DEGMS y DEGFDN. La hoja de centrosema presentó mayor Vm y S, así como menor λ que las hojas de frijolillo y frijolillo-tamarindo. La vaina de centrosema mostró mayor Vm, DEGMS y DEGFDN; además, menor λ que las vainas de frijolillo y frijolillo-tamarindo (p
<p><strong>Background</strong>. The production of ruminants in the tropics is based on the grazing of grasses, which present variations in their nutrient content depending on the intensity and frequency of cutting. <strong>Objective.</strong> To determine the effect of cutting intensity and regrowth age of the morphological composition of three hybrids of the genus <em>Urochloa sp</em> on gas production and <em>in vitro</em> gas production kinetics. <strong>Methodology</strong>. The samples were formed by the interaction of three morphological-hybrids (Cobra, Cayman and Mulato II-leaf and stem), two cutting intensities (10 and 15 cm) and 5 regrowth ages (7, 21, 35, 49 and 63 d). Partial and accumulated gas production, maximum volume (V), gas production rate (S) and Lag time (λ) were determined for the samples. The statistical design was a 6 x 2 x 5 factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design. <strong>Results</strong>. The leaves and stems of Cobra and Cayman showed the highest partial and cumulative <em>in vitro</em> gas production (p<0.05). The evaluated variables were not affected by the cutting intensity and the behavior in the <em>in vitro</em> tests was greater at 21 and 35 days of regrowth of the pastures. <strong>Implications</strong>. The cut intensity variable did not modify the mean values of the variables evaluated in this research work, while age negatively affects it. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. The leaves and stems of Cobra and Cayman grasses showed the highest partial and cumulative <em>in vitro</em> gas production.</p>
La leguminosa más utilizada para el ganado lechero en México es la alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), debido a su alto rendimiento y calidad nutrimental. El objetivo de éste estudio fue evaluar la respuesta productiva y componentes del rendimiento de cinco variedades de alfalfa con intervalos de corte definidos estacionalmente. Las variedades Aragón, Valenciana, Chipilo, Milenia y Oaxaca se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 20 parcelas experimentales de 12 x 9 m, de acuerdo a un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las evaluaciones incluyeron rendimiento de forraje, peso por tallo, población de tallos m-2, población de plantas m-2, relación hoja:tallo, composición botánica y morfológica. El rendimiento mayor y menor la obtuvo las variedades Milenia y Aragón con 20,643 y 14,488 kg MS ha-1. El peso por tallo fue mejor en Aragon, Chipilo y Milenia y menor en Valenciana y Oaxaca. Aragón obtuvo la mayor densidad de tallos con 634 tallos m-2 y Oaxaca con 512 tallos m-2 el menor. La relación hoja:tallo mayor la presentó Aragón con 1.31 y la menor Oaxaca con 1.13. En otoño e invierno se obtuvo mayor cantidad de hoja, independientemente de la variedad; y en verano, hubo incremento de maleza en todas las variedades. Existió estacionalidad alta en el rendimiento, primavera y verano son las épocas con producción mayor, debido a la temperatura y el peso por tallo mayor. La variedad más productiva fue Milenia y la menor Aragón.
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