Conformal radiation therapy provided an additional treatment option for a nonresectable heart base chemodectoma in the dog of this report; conformal radiation therapy was reasonably tolerable and safe.

Significance and Impact of the Study: This study shows that chemotherapy drugs commonly used in veterinary oncology have an effect of the growth of canine isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. No associations between susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs and antibiotics were found, which does not support selection of antimicrobial resistance by chemotherapy drugs. AbstractThe ability of chemotherapeutic agents to affect the growth of common bacterial pathogens and the relationship between the effects of chemotherapeutics and antimicrobials is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the susceptibility of canine bacterial isolates to chemotherapeutic agents and to compare these results to their antimicrobial susceptibility. The effects of bleomycin, doxorubicin, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine on the growth of 33 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates and 32 Escherichia coli isolates from dogs was determined by agar dilution. In addition to MICs, the lowest drug concentration associated with a decreased colony size was recorded. Results were compared to the MICs of a panel of antimicrobial agents. Bleomycin consistently inhibited bacterial growth of S. pseudintermedius and E. coli. Doxorubicin inhibited S. pseudintermedius but not E. coli while the opposite was seen for gemcitabine. Reduction in colony size on exposure to 5fluorouracil for both organisms, and methotrexate for S. pseudintermedius was seen. No observable effect of cyclophosphamide or cytarabine was observed. Associations between elevated MICs to chemotherapeutic drugs and antimicrobial resistance were not found. These results indicate that chemotherapeutic agents affect the growth of bacteria, but do not support a role in the selection of antimicrobial resistance.Letters in Applied Microbiology ISSN 0266-8254

Male CD-1 mice were exposed to a commercial formulation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), the amine derivative, in the drinking water at concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.163% of the formulated product, equivalent to approximately 0-50 mg kg-1 day-1 2,4-D content. The effect of 2,4-D on urethan-induced pulmonary adenoma formation was evaluated following a 105-day exposure. Urethan-induced sleeping times observed following an i.p. injection of urethan (1.5 mg g-1) after 3 weeks of 2,4-D exposure were not altered by 2,4-D, indicating that 2,4-D did not influence urethan elimination. Pulmonary adenoma production, which was evaluated 84 days after urethan injection, was enhanced by 2,4-D exposure but had no effect on tumor size. The effect of 2,4-D on the incidence of spontaneous murine lymphocytic leukemia was evaluated during the 365-day treatment period. Mortality associated with the leukemia virus was not altered by 2,4-D treatment. Exposure to this commercial 2,4-D product at moderately high levels of exposure may modify the development or expression of certain tumors in CD-1 mice. The mechanism of the co-carcinogenic or tumor-promoting activity associated with 2,4-D exposure remains to be determined.

OBJECTIVE To describe response rate, tumor progression, patient survival times, prognostic factors associated with tumor progression and patient survival times, and radiation toxicoses (acute and latent) in dogs treated with curative-intent stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for soft tissue sarcomas (STS). ANIMALS 35 client-owned dogs with STS treated with curative-intent SBRT between October 2011 and May 2017. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent SBRT. Dogs with oral tumors, hemangiosarcoma, or histiocytic sarcoma were excluded. Data collected included patient-, STS-, and SBRT-related information, including follow-up information pertaining to tumor progression and patient survival time for ≥ 6 months, unless tumor progression or patient death occurred sooner. RESULTS Objective measurements allowing for evaluation of tumor response were available for 28 dogs, of which 13 (46%) had either a partial (10/28 [36%]) or complete (3/28 [11%]) response. Twenty-four dogs died, and the medians for progression-free survival time, time to progression of disease, overall survival time, and disease-specific survival time were 521, 705, 713, and 1,149 days, respectively. Low histologic grade and extremity locations of STSs were positive prognostic factors for patient survival times. Acute adverse effects were limited to skin, and 1 dog underwent limb amputation because of a nonhealing wound. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that SBRT for STS was well tolerated in most dogs and provided local tumor control. Additional studies are needed to determine the best SBRT protocol for treatment of STSs in dogs.

Mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes are routinely evaluated with CT when staging dogs with oral melanomas. While size alone is considered inadequate for detecting nodal metastasis, it is critical in evaluating treatment response, as clinical decisions are based on changes in size. It is common for different radiologists to measure the size of pre‐ and posttreatment lymph nodes in the same patient. The objective of this retrospective, observer agreement study was to evaluate the inter‐ and intraobserver agreement in measuring canine mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes by a diverse population of veterinary radiologists and trainees. Fourteen dogs with documented oral melanoma and head CT studies identified from records of a single institution were included in this study. North American veterinary radiologists and trainees were recruited to measure the mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes; in triplicate. Prior to performing the study measurements, participants completed a training tool demonstrating the lymph node measurements. Overall, interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.961 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.946, 0.972) and intraobserver ICC was 0.977 (95% CI: 0.968, 0.983), indicating excellent agreement (ICC > 0.9 considered excellent). Similar findings were noted following sub‐analysis for most variables (experience, size, laterality, axis of measurement). These results suggest that follow‐up measurement of the long and short axis of the mandibular lymph nodes and short axis of the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in the transverse plane, performed by different veterinary radiologists using the same method of measure, should have minimal impact on clinical decision making.

with doxorubicin: a pilot assessment Treatment-related toxicities in tumor-bearing cats treated with temozolomide alone or in combination technique does not amount to an endorsement of its value or quality, or the claims made by its manufacturer.those of the authors and the inclusion in this publication of material relating to a particular product, method or of animals and interpretation of published materials lies with the veterinary practitioner. The opinions expressed are from actions or decisions based on information contained in this publication; ultimate responsibility for the treatment arising country. The authors, editors, owners and publishers do not accept any responsibility for any loss or damage advertising material, it is the responsibility of the reader to check that the product is authorised for use in their own bear this in mind and be aware of the prescribing laws pertaining to their own country. Likewise, in relation to Furthermore, drugs may be mentioned that are licensed for human use, and not for veterinary use. Readers need to formulations that are not available or licensed in the individual reader's own country.

Cyclophosphamide is a commonly used chemotherapy in the treatment of lymphoma. It can cause sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC), and furosemide is used to decrease the incidence of SHC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of SHC in dogs treated with a bolus maximum tolerated dose of oral cyclophosphamide and oral furosemide at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Medical records were reviewed to determine the incidence of SHC, dose and number of oral cyclophosphamide treatments, and the dose of furosemide. Other side effects from cyclophosphamide were also recorded. Eighty-one client-owned dogs that received a single oral maximum tolerated dose of cyclophosphamide concurrent with oral furosemide as part of a chemotherapy protocol for lymphoma were included in the study. A total of 252 doses of cyclophosphamide were administered to 81 dogs. The median dose of cyclophosphamide was 239.3 mg/m2. The median dose of furosemide was 1.08 mg/kg. SHC was suspected in 2 dogs (2.46%). Concurrent use of furosemide at a dose of 1 mg/kg with cyclophosphamide yields a similar incidence of SHC than using a higher dose of furosemide as previously reported.

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