Over the last few decades, small-scale irrigation has been implemented in Burkina Faso as a strategy to mitigate the impacts of adverse climate conditions. However, the development of irrigated perimeters around small and medium water reservoirs has put the water resources under significant pressure, given the uncontrolled exploitation and lack of efficacious management plan. Insights into changes in irrigated areas around these reservoirs are therefore crucial for their sustainable management while meeting the different agricultural water needs. They will help to center policy priorities in terms of major impacts on the reservoirs; and thereby elaborate relevant mitigation and/or adaptation strategies. The main objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the changes in irrigated land areas surrounding the Mogtedo water reservoir between 1987 and 2015; and (2) determine whether the irrigable potential of this reservoir could sustainably meet the agricultural water needs under a more variable and changing climate. A low-cost remote sensing method based on Landsat imagery (Thematic Mapper, Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus, and Operational Land Imager) and using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification was developed to detect the changes in proportion of land use/land cover (LULC) in the Mogtedo region. A forward and backward change detection analysis requiring agronomic expertise was also applied to correct the pixels temporal trajectories. In addition, an intensity analysis was performed to assess land changes at time intervals, category, and transition levels. Five main LULC classes were identified: bare and hydromorphic soils, irrigated and rainfed agricultural areas, and water bodies. Overall, the classification of LULC was satisfactory with the overall accuracy and kappa coefficients ranging from 94.22 to 95.60% and 0.92 to 0.94, respectively. Results showed that LULC transformations were faster between 2000 and 2015, compared to the 1987–2000 period. The majority of categories (LULC classes) were active in terms of intensity of change (gain or loss) during the 1987–2000 and 2000–2015 periods, except hydromorphic soils. During these periods, the transition from rainfed agricultural areas to irrigated agricultural areas were targeted and stationary. Our findings revealed a 54% increase in irrigated areas between 1987 and 2015. The reservoir water volume decreased markedly from 9,077,000 m3 to 7,100,000 m3 during the same period. Such a decrease threatens the satisfaction of agricultural water requirements, since the reservoir is the unique source of irrigation water in the region. It could potentially lead to conflicts between users if adequate strategies for the sustainable management of the Mogtedo reservoir are not implemented. The methodology used in this study also addressed the challenge of building up historical spatial information database in data-scarce environments, and could be replicated readily in regions or countries like Burkina Faso.
The objective was to evaluate the performance of the expanded immunization programme's (EPI) supply chain of and logistics management in Comé health district in 2015. This cross-sectional and evaluative study concerned the central deposit of vaccines and 19 health care centers randomly selected. Data on the performance of EIP supply chain of and logistics management were collected from 5 to 30 March 2015 using direct observation, document exploitation, questionnaire and individual interview in 20 health workers directly involved in EIP activities and 59 mothers of children aged 0-11 months. The performance of the supply chain and logistics management was assessed through three components "structure", "process" and "results" using predetermined score of two scales seeking for achievement of criterions included in components. The overall performance of the EIP's supply chain and logistics in the health district of Comé was rated fair (score = 75.2%). The performance level was good for "structure" (score = 90.3%), acceptable for the "process" (score = 79, 85%) and poor for the "results" of the management of supply chain and logistics (score = 59.48%). The level of performance EIP supply chain and logistics was sub-optimal. Adequate measures should be considered to improve the component "result" of the EIP supply chain and logistics management in the health district of Comé.
Description du sujet : L'article a trait à des évaluations de la vulnérabilité au climat, pris dans le sens du rapport 4 du GIEC, incluant la sensibilité (aléas climatiques et exposition) et la capacité d'adaptation. La région d'étude est les systèmes agraires de la Boucle du Mouhoun (RBM). Objectifs : L'objectif général poursuivi est d'analyser les vulnérabilités des systèmes agraires de la RBM. Les objectifs spécifiques ont été de faire un zonage des systèmes agraires de la RBM et d'évaluer, avec la participation active des parties prenantes, les vulnérabilités des systèmes agraires définis. Méthodes : La revue documentaire, les ateliers d'appropriation des résultats, de collecte et de validation de données et les entretiens de groupes-cibles dans retenus, à partir d'une fiche d'évaluation de vulnérabilité, ont été utilisés. Résultats : Les entretiens ont eu lieu dans 17 localités de la RBM. Quatre systèmes agraires, Sud-Sahélien, Vallée du Sourou, Nord-Soudanien et Sud-Soudanien, de niveaux différents de vulnérabilité, caractérisent la région d'étude.
Article HistoryProductive sanitation has been introduced in Burkina Faso at the end of years 2000. It aims to introduce using of latrines in rural areas, by the presupposition that productive sanitation can help solving the problem of autonomous sanitation and facilitate food self-sufficiency. For that, many community development projects have been developed and enabled the construction of more than 12000 Ecosan latrines in rural area. To enable the adoption of the ECOSAN by rural populations, a strategy of communication for behavior change has been set up. The general objective of the current study is to evaluate the importance of communication in the appropriation of Ecosan latrines by all the social stratum of the population at Napalgué. In a specific way, it has been to determine the role that communication had in collaboration with all the stakeholders, to ensure a good implementation of the project in the village of Napalgué. Contribution/ Originality:This study is one of very few studies that have studied the link between communication and appropriation of Ecosan latrines in the rural environment. This study highlights the primordial character of communication for the change of mentality and behavior for the appropriation of latrines in rural environment.
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