The amplification effect of polyoxometalates (POMs) on the efficiency of dye-sensitized nano-ITO cathodes is disclosed. The use of hybrid polyoxometalates of the type [PW 11 O 39 {SnC 6 H 4 --C 6 H 4 F}] 4-, F standing for a carboxylic group (POM-COOH) or a diazonium unit, allows to control the loading of the POMs on the electrode and to investigate key parameters. Even at very low loading, POM-COOH has a substantial effect on the photocurrent response, with up to 25fold increase. Besides ensuring the stability towards leaching, the anchoring function of the POM hybrids was also found to play an intricate role in the competition between the multiple events involved.
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