In patients without OSAS and with a BMI less than 30, increasing snoring was associated with a significant increase in all-cause mortality. Nonpalatal snoring is associated with an increase in observed all-cause mortality controlling for age, sex, BMI, and AHI.
Increasing OSAS severity, measured by a validated home sleep test and quantified by AHI, the apnea index, and the desaturation index, is independently associated with modestly increased all-cause mortality in patients younger than 50 years after adjustment for major confounding factors.
This essay examines the reasons why some young Fang men supported Presbyterian missionary Robert Milligan's crusade to establish a Protestant community of converts at the turn of the twentieth century. Milligan presented his work as an example of heroic and muscular Christianity that transformed young Gabonese men. However, his methods of attracting followers appear very similar to those used by local big men: creating kinship networks, providing military support, sharing imported goods and providing access to women for marriage. Fang men and Milligan shared a flexible vocabulary of fatherhood that placed obligations on converts and missionaries alike. Eventually, Milligan's efforts came undone because of problems with other missionaries, but young Fang men continued to turn to missionary patronage, in part to cope with gender tensions and struggles over status.
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