Members of the family Secoviridae are non-enveloped viruses with mono- or bipartite (RNA-1 and RNA-2) linear positive-sense ssRNA genomes with the size of the RNAs combined ranging from 9 to 13.7 kb. They are related to picornaviruses and are classified in the order Picornavirales. The majority of known members infect dicotyledonous plants and many are important plant pathogens (e.g. grapevine fanleaf virus and rice tungro spherical virus). This is a summary of the current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the taxonomy of the family Secoviridae available at www.ictv.global/report/secoviridae.

Most noncirculative plant viruses transmitted by insect vectors bind to their mouthparts. They are acquired and inoculated within seconds when insects hop from plant to plant. The receptors involved remain totally elusive due to a long-standing technical bottleneck in working with insect cuticle. Here we characterize the role of the two first cuticular proteins ever identified in arthropod mouthparts. A domain of these proteins is directly accessible at the surface of the cuticle of the acrostyle, an organ at the tip of aphid stylets. The acrostyle has been shown to bind a plant virus, and we consistently demonstrated that one of the identified proteins is involved in viral transmission. Our findings provide an approach to identify proteins in insect mouthparts and point at an unprecedented gene candidate for a plant virus receptor.

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Background-The purpose of this study was to examine substance use and dependence among cocaine dependent subjects and their siblings compared to individuals recruited from the same neighborhood and their siblings in order to better understand family and neighborhood contributions to the development of dependence.Methods-Cocaine dependent subjects were recruited through treatment centers. Communitybased subjects were matched to cocaine dependent index cases on age, ethnicity, gender, and zip code. One full sibling for each case and community-based subject participated.Results-Cocaine dependent subjects were significantly more likely than community-based subjects to use all substances studied and were 2 to 10 times more likely to be dependent on alcohol and other illicit drugs. Dependence only on cocaine was uncommon (<10%). The siblings of cocaine dependent subjects had higher rates of substance use and were 1.3 to 3 times more likely to have a diagnosis of substance dependence compared siblings of community-based subjects. However, when analyses focused only on those who ever used a specific substance, the siblings of cocaine dependent cases were at a similar or modestly elevated risk (1.5 times) of developing dependence.Conclusions-Cocaine dependence is characterized by polysubstance use and dependence. In addition, the prevalence of substance dependence in the community subjects was higher than reported for the general population, indicating that cocaine dependent cases live in high-risk communities with elevated prevalence of substance dependence. A potential intervention to decrease the family clustering of dependence is to reduce the initiation of drug use in at risk relatives.