or transmission of data from the device until it is intercepted by a trusted source.In this regard, recent state-of-the-art efforts have focused on cascade reactions that render dissolvable Li-ion batteries or ultrafast disablement mechanisms for energy storage platforms. [4,5,8] However, with the emergence of portable data-containing technologies that can be wearable, integrated, or systematically coupled or powered with human motion, new opportunities for transient systems emerge. Capturing ambient mechanical energy that is otherwise wasted is an attractive form of energy harvesting that is not limited by the situational dependence of solar, wind, or thermal systems. While conventional mechanical energy harvesters, such as piezoelectric and triboelectric devices, are best suited for operation at resonant frequencies commonly orders of magnitude higher than those exhibited in human motion (e.g., <5 Hz) [9,10] recent studies have focused on systems tailored to low frequencies that are advantageous for such application. [10][11][12] Specifically, devices that leverage the stress-induced mechanical-electrochemical coupling of alloying materials present a new class of harvester device that can operate at low frequencies and exhibit high performance. [13,14] By exploiting the design of such systems to focus on materials that are uniquely compatible with transient operation, this opens the door for devices that are capable of harvesting mechanical energy, being implemented in directions combined with wearable technology, and having the capability to be fully transient and dissolve when triggered with an external stimulus.In this letter, we report the design and performance of the first transient energy harvester that builds upon a mechanicalelectrochemical harvesting mechanism to enable low-frequency operation. This utilizes two identical alloyed aluminum-lithium electrodes separated by an electrolyte soaked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) separator and combined in a sandwich configuration that, upon triggering, fully dissolves in 30 min. This prototype harvester delivers a peak power output of 0.208 µW cm −2 and a peak energy output of 1.762 µJ cm −2 at low bending frequencies of 0.1 Hz with continuous energy generation (energy generation timescale of 10 s). Our studies demonstrate this design does not pose any performance trade-off by moving to a transient system, with performance competitive with state-of-the-art results reported in the literature. Results and DiscussionThe device configuration used in the transient energy harvester involves a sandwich configuration comprising two identical alloyed aluminum-lithium (Li x Al) electrodesHere, a novel design of a mechanical energy harvester combining peak power output competitive with state-of-the-art energy harvester devices is reported, but with a design enabling full transience, or dissolution, of the harvester after 30 min upon triggering in basic water. The harvester incorporates a symmetric cell combining Li x Al alloy electrodes and polyvinyl alcohol packaging that har...
The use of sodium fluoride (NaF) as a major ingredient for tooth paste, mouth wash, and mouth rinse has become inevitable in our day-to-day life. However, flavonoids such as Luteolin might be of great value in the prevention of toxicity associated with accidental or inevitable ingestion of NaF. In the study, 40 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups with 10 rats in a group. Group A was the control group and received normal saline, Group B was exposed to NaF at 300 ppm (300 mg/L) in drinking water daily for a week, Groups C and D were exposed to 300 ppm (300 mg/L) of NaF and coadministered with Luteolin orally daily at a dosage of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for the same time point. Our results indicated that NaF caused significant increases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, myeloperoxidase, advanced oxidative protein products, together with significant reductions in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The electrocardiogram results showed that NaF alone caused significant prolongation of QT and QTc intervals. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NaF caused increase expressions of Kidney injury marker 1 (Kim-1), nuclear factor 518 BioFactors Research Communication kappa bet (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factors 2 (Nrf2), and cardiac troponin I (CTnI). Together, Luteolin coadministration with NaF improved NO bioavailability, reduced high blood pressure, markers of oxidative stress, reversed prolongation of QT and QTc intervals, and lowered the expressions of Kim-1, NF-κB, and CTnI. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):518-531, 2018
Hypertension is one of the silent killers in the world with high mortality and morbidity. The exposure of humans and animals to fluoride and/or fluoride containing compounds is almost inevitable. This study investigated the modulatory effects of quercetin on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Forty male rats were randomly separated into four groups (n =10). Group A animals served as the control, rats in Group B were exposed to 300 ppm of NaF, Groups C and D animals were exposed to 300 ppm of NaF along with quercetin orally at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg orally by gavage, while NaF was administered in drinking water, respectively, for a week. Administration of NaF caused severe hypertension as indicated with significant increases in the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, togetherAbbreviations: ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance; AOPP, advanced oxidation protein product; AP-1, activator protein-1; AST, aspartate aminotransfer-
Studies of the link between environmental pollutants and cardiovascular dysfunction, neglected for decades, have recently provided new insights into the pathology and consequences of these killers. In this study, rats were divided into four groups, each containing 10 rats. The rats in group one served as controls and were administered normal saline, whereas the rats in group two were orally gavaged with 3 mg/kg of diazinon (DZN) alone for twenty one consecutive days. The rats in groups 3 and 4 were administered respective 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg gallic acid (GA) in addition to DZN for twenty one consecutive days. Exposure of rats to diazinon significantly (p<0.05) reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) contents were also significantly (p<0.05) elevated following DZN exposure. DZN further caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease of heart rate and QT interval prolongation. Hematologic analysis revealed significant reduction (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, and total white blood cell count of rats administered only DZN. Observations in this study suggest a modulatory role of gallic acid in diazinon-induced anemia and associated cardiovascular dysfunction in rats. Treatment with gallic acid reversed the oxidative stress markers studied, increased the antioxidant defence system and reduced deleterious effects on hematological parameters in rats. Pathologic findings of the heart and kidney were also found to be lessened.
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