Detection of lesions larger than 1.2 cm in greatest diameter was reliable. High reliability was obtained for reporting lesion size and location. Substantial agreement was obtained for description of key feature and final assessment category.

Purpose: To evaluate diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating prostate cancer from noncancerous tissue according to anatomical region. Materials and Methods:In 47 patients with diffusionweighted-MR (b-value, 0 and 1000 sec/mm 2 ) on a 1.5 T unit, ADCs were measured in prostate cancer and in three noncancerous tissues (transitional zone, peripheral zone, and prostatic base). Diagnostic performance of ADC for differentiating cancer from noncancerous tissue was evaluated using receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) analysis.Results: Mean ADC of prostate cancer (0.963 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mm 2 /s) was lower than those of all noncancerous tissues (P Ͻ 0.001). In noncancerous tissue, ADC differed according to anatomical region (peripheral zone, 1.572 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mm 2 /sec; transitional zone, 1.441 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mm 2 /sec; prostatic base, 1.146 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mm 2 /sec) (P Ͻ 0.01). ADC was lower in prostate cancer than in all noncancerous tissues in 34 (72%) patients. Area under the ROC curve for differentiating cancer from noncancerous tissue in prostatic base (0.725) was less than those for differentiating cancer from noncancerous tissue in peripheral (0.952) and transitional zones (0.906) (P Ͻ 0.05). Sensitivity differed according to anatomical region (peripheral zone, 98%; transitional zone, 82%; prostatic base, 66%) (P Ͻ 0.05). Conclusion:Variable ADC in noncancerous tissue according to anatomical region may limit diagnostic performance of ADC for cancer detection.

Nasal skin is thickest over the nasofrontal angle, thins over the rhinion, is thick again in the nasal tip, and thins out over the columella. Thick skin at the nasal tip and columella was associated with poor surgical outcomes. Regional skin thickness appears to be an important prognostic factor for tip surgery success.

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a proposed computer-aided detection (CAD) system in automated breast ultrasonography (ABUS).Methods:Eighty-nine two-dimensional images (20 cysts, 42 benign lesions, and 27 malignant lesions) were obtained from 47 patients who underwent ABUS (ACUSON S2000). After boundary detection and removal, we detected mass candidates by using the proposed adjusted Otsu's threshold; the threshold was adaptive to the variations of pixel intensities in an image. Then, the detected candidates were segmented. Features of the segmented objects were extracted and used for training/testing in the classification. In our study, a support vector machine classifier was adopted. Eighteen features were used to determine whether the candidates were true lesions or not. A five-fold cross validation was repeated 20 times for the performance evaluation. The sensitivity and the false positive rate per image were calculated, and the classification accuracy was evaluated for each feature.Results:In the classification step, the sensitivity of the proposed CAD system was 82.67% (SD, 0.02%). The false positive rate was 0.26 per image. In the detection/segmentation step, the sensitivities for benign and malignant mass detection were 90.47% (38/42) and 92.59% (25/27), respectively. In the five-fold cross-validation, the standard deviation of pixel intensities for the mass candidates was the most frequently selected feature, followed by the vertical position of the centroids. In the univariate analysis, each feature had 50% or higher accuracy.Conclusion:The proposed CAD system can be used for lesion detection in ABUS and may be useful in improving the screening efficiency.

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Intracranial revascularization with angioplasty and/or stenting may improve the clinical outcome in selected patients with intracranial occlusion. Multiple factors are related to favorable clinical outcome.

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This study indicated that the anterior and posterior parts of the nasal cavity are both related to nasal obstruction. In some patients, the posterior part of the nasal cavity was more important than other locations in causing nasal obstruction.