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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how cultural tightness may influence consumers’ attitudes toward insurance services and occurrence of insurance fraud. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on Gelfand et al.’s (2011) theory of tight and loose cultures, the authors theorize that perceived wrongness of insurance fraud, fraud occurrence and perceived risk of being caught depend on the cultural tightness. Using field data from a global European social survey (ESS), the authors investigate these differences across two fairly different European countries – Norway (i.e. tight culture) and Ukraine (i.e. loose culture). Findings Consumers from tight culture report less tolerance for insurance fraud (inflating insurance claim) are less likely to commit an insurance fraud, and they perceive higher level of risk of being caught than their counterparts from loose culture (Ukraine). Practical implications Understanding cultural variability in attitude toward insurance fraud, the occurrence of insurance fraud and the sensitivity to the risk of being caught could enrich the authors knowledge about how to prevent insurance fraud. Social implications Consumer protection agencies, consumer educators and policymakers could all benefit from understanding cultural variability in attitude toward fraud. This will potentially help to design effective learning and education programs to sensitize customers to the illegal and unethical aspects of fraudulent behaviors. Originality/value Insurance fraud is a universal issue and exists in many European countries, yet no previous work has investigated the effect of cultural tightness–looseness on fraud perception.

This paper presents 28 GHz CMOS 8×8 Butler matrix which can improve the beamforming capability in 5G mm-wave communication systems. The proposed 28 GHz N×N Butler matrix can increase the number of the antenna beam pattern from N to 2N − 1 beams with DP8T switch network including a lumped 180 coupler, 22.5 phase shifter, and switches. The beamformer is fabricated using 65 nm CMOS process and the size is 1.8 × 2.5 mm 2 . The DC current consumption is 145 mA (Rx) and 180 mA (Tx) at 2.5 V supply voltage. The proposed 28 GHz CMOS 8×8 Butler Matrix is able to make 15 beam patterns with AE63 beam scan and low sidelobe level, which is suitable in low cost 5G mm-wave beamforming system. K E Y W O R D S 28 GHz N×N Butler matrix, DP8T switch network, 2N − 1 beam, beamforming, CMOS

Rotavirus interactions with endogenous cell surface receptors are of fundamental interest in virology and medicine; however, the evidence of rotavirus directly binding to the receptors and the consequent dynamic behaviors are still elusive. Force–distance curve‐based atomic force microscopy allows for the extraction of biophysical properties underlying binding of single virions to receptors and clarification of the dynamics of rotavirus–receptor interactions. Unfortunately, this method is time‐consuming due to the lack of automation when analyzing large data sets. Herein, rotavirus–receptor interactions and early endocytosis behaviors using automated high‐throughput analysis are examined. It is demonstrated that rotavirus binds to α‐linked sialic acid and α2β1 integrin. The effect of trypsinization is investigated on the capsid protein VP4 binding to the receptors. Using fluidic force microscopy, it is demonstrated that the interaction leads to α2 integrin recruitment to the cell‐bound rotavirus on the plasma membrane. Further, it is illustrated that an integrin‐derived peptide can impede binding and alter downstream dynamics. Taken together, these results open a new understanding of the infection mechanism of rotavirus and suggest a novel inhibitory peptide against rotavirus binding.

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