Packages of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines offer various labeling information such as drug name, instructions before use, and risk-ranking information. In order to evaluate consumer attention and eye-catching effectiveness of such labeling information, an eye-movement experiment and questionnaire survey using cold remedies and vitamin supplements were conducted. For the eye-movement experiment, eye fixation duration and sequence were measured for each aspect of labeling information. After the eye-movement experiment, a self-evaluation of the consumer's attention and the eye-catching effect of each aspect of labeling information were conducted through a questionnaire survey. The results from the eye-movement experiment and questionnaire survey showed that the drug name ranked the highest for attention and eye-catching effect whereas risk-related information such as instructions before use and risk-ranking information were poorly attended. Moreover, the analysis of consumer judgment regarding the risk ranking of medicines using the normalized rank method clarified that the risk-ranking label has little influence on the consumers' risk judgment. The influence of package design on consumers' risk judgement was discussed.
Abstract:In this study, we aimed to clarify comfortable lighting locations (on both the wall and ceiling) for office work. To this end, we measured brain activity using fNIRS during arithmetic and copying tasks for various lighting locations in a simulated office space, and had participants provide subjective evaluations of these lighting conditions. There were four main results: (1) for the subjective evaluations, we observed no differences in impressions according to lighting condition. (2) The cerebral blood flow in the "wall" condition was significantly lower than that during the "ceiling" condition. (3) Changes in oxy-HB concentrations were found to differ according to condition even when task performance was the same. (4) For cognitively demanding tasks, the walls-only lighting condition seems to be the most comfortable environment. Conversely, for tasks requiring little concentration, the environment seemed most comfortable by having the lighting on the walls be brighter than that on the ceiling.
Packages of Japanese canned coffee beverages contain design elements such as brand names and logos designed to catch consumers' attention. In order to investigate how each element catches consumers' attention, we recorded eye-movements while the subjects viewed the cans. The results were as follows: (1) The subjects view larger elements for a longer duration; (2) The subjects view graphics for a longer duration than characters, when they were of similar size; (3) The eyes move from graphics to letters; (4) and that showed obvious differences with type of layouts. Therefore, we considered that the attention to Packages were very closely related the size, the method of expression of design elements and those layouts.
:We aimed to reveal typical-color effects to visual search for pictogram. We assumed that the typical colors shorten the response time of the visual search compared to the non-typical colors in the high color-associativity pictograms. In order to verify this hypothesis, we investigated typical colors and color-associativity of each pictogram in the first experiment and measured the response time of the visual search tasks. We analyzed the data through the color-associativity and the complexity of components perspective. As a result, we obtained the two conclusions as follow; 1) typical colors do not always affect response times, 2) response time is shortened in the typical colors pictograms that have the high color-associativity and consist of only one component. These results contribute to proposing the color design which permits efficiency in searching for pictograms in the facilities.
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