Levodopa availability improves with progression of PD. This may result from deteriorated peripheral activity of levodopa metabolising enzymes or an increasing enteric dysfunction with subsequent better duodenal levodopa absorption or both.
Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a double-cladded coaxial core (CC) is proposed and analyzed to obtain propagation characteristics such as chromatic dispersion, field distribution, and effective area. Only by doubling the number of air holes to 12 in the inner hexagonal cladding layer with one pitch (Λ) value can the chromatic dispersion shift close to zero be achieved at 1.55 μm operation wavelength. The fundamental mode field for the double-cladded CCPCF is tightly confined to the central core region. Therefore, the effective area is normally very small, while it tends to be larger rather rapidly as the operating wavelength is longer than around 1.7 μm.
Novel breakthrough random-hole optical fibers (RHOFs) are fabricated in a draw tower facility, by tapering an optical fiber preform packed with a silica powder mixture capable of producing air holes in situ at the high temperature of tens of hundreds in degrees Celsius. Structural and propagation characteristics of the porous RHOF are explained briefly. Experimental investigations of the invented RHOF are performed for pressure sensor applications. Remarkable results are obtained for the RHOF with desirable pressure sensitivity independent of temperature, as is required for harsh conditions as in oil reservoirs.
The directionality and performance of radio waves are affected by the refractive index of the atmosphere, which varies in real time depending on the time and location. To reflect the domestic weather environment, we developed a radar modeling and simulation (M&S) analysis tool by constructing a refractive index generation model, APM, and radar model. We analyzed radar performance variations over the past five years using weather station data. For 220 nm-based radar designs, the performance variation ratios at 10 % above and below the design distance (i.e., 200 nm and 240 nm), were 0.78% and 1.45 %, respectively. The maximum detection range tended to increase in summer and then decrease in winter, with low standard deviations in both seasons.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.