The transition to model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is essential to meet the demands of increasing system complexity, productivity, quality and shorter design cycles. Necessary perspectives, associated roles and competencies for the application of MBSE are not sufficiently defined. The paper at hand presents a role model for the practical application of MBSE based on three major steps: (1) identification, (2) categorization and (3) association of stakeholders, which implement and apply MBSE within an enterprise. The use of the role model is demonstrated and evaluated in a test case based on personas within a fictional scenario which illustrates the implementation of MBSE. The roles, which are adapted to today’s conditions, serve as a practical guide comprising all basic conditions that have to be considered when applying MBSE. Practitioners can easily tailor the illustrated results to their own use case.
The linear economic model behind contemporary product lifecycle representations contradicts planetary boundaries and the idea of sustainability. At the same time, Circular Economy (CE) driven models lack consideration of profound technological insights. Based on observations in research and the application of projects of different industries, a quantitative and qualitative literature analysis is applied to identify both strengths and shortcomings of current lifecycle models. These findings are used to create lifecycle model portfolios and to derive a generic Product Lifecycle model (gPLC). The gPLC is validated by three industrial cases based on collaborative research projects. In practice, resource and energy consumption as well as waste production and emissions can be minimized with the help of established methods not only by economists, but also by engineers. Transparency of material and information circularity practically implies the opportunity to implement, for instance, Minimum Viable Products and DevOps approaches. The originality of the gPLC is characterized by three main aspects: first, material and information flows of multi-disciplinary product–service systems are recognized as the foundation for a modern CE; second, a differentiation between product classes and instances is elaborated to stimulate sustainable design of material core products and digital CE business models; and third, the stakeholder perspective is expanded from manufacturer and consumer/user to further perspectives, such as recycler and society.
IT support for crisis and continuity management covers all stages from prevention through preparedness to response and recovery. The application of innovative technologies often implies the need for structural and procedural changes for users and reliable assessment of future business opportunities for service and tool providers. Scenario-technique is a methodology to systematically assess possible future developments to derive conclusions for strategic planning. This methodology is adapted to the domain of self-preparedness and self-protection. This article contributes domain-specific influence factors which are identified by literature research and reflecting interview with all stakeholder groups. For each influence factor, projections are derived using different types of trend analysis and forecasting methods. Influence factors and projections build a knowledge-base which enables generation of scenarios as a fundament for strategic decisions to support crisis and continuity management.
Abstract. The focus of this paper is ontology-based knowledge management in the framework of a mobile communication and information system for rescue operation management. We present a novel ontology data service, combining prior domain knowledge about large-scale rescue operations with dynamic information about a developing operation. We also discuss the integration of such a data service into a service-oriented application framework to reach high performance and accessibility, and offer examples of SHARE applications to demonstrate the practical benefits of the approach chosen.
Innovation projects are characterized by numerous uncertainties. Typical concepts in development management like the application of safety coefficients imply limitations of the solution space. In contrast, explicit handling of uncertainties can support engineers in understanding the problem space and in utilising the full potential of the design space along iterative product development steps. As a result from literature analysis, there is a lack of a support for product development that addresses the specific problem of uncertainty and risk in the context of requirement changes. The aim of the contribution at hand is to enhance the efficient development of complex interdisciplinary systems by enabling uncertainty handling in requirements change management. Based on a classification of uncertainty types resulting in a descriptive model, risk management measures are identified to support requirements engineers. The proposed method includes identification & modelling, analysis, treatment and monitoring of risks and counter-measures. By applying this method, engineers are supported in adopting agile approaches and enabling flexible Requirements Engineering.
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