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Background:The use of printed or electronic checklists and other cognitive aids has gained increasing interest from anesthesia providers and professional societies. While these aids are not currently considered standard of care, the perceptions of the clinician might have an impact on their adoption.Objectives:We conducted a comprehensive survey to study the current opinions of anesthesia provider on the use of checklists and other cognitive aids.Patients and Methods:A questionnaire was developed by a departmental checklist focus group, which aimed to identify the perception of health care checklists in general as well as specific checklists for routine and crisis situations in anesthesia. Furthermore participants were asked regarding their perception of performing routine anesthesia and managing crisis situations without any cognitive aids. Using a web-based system, the survey was administered to all anesthesia providers at a single large United States academic medical center (University of California San Francisco). Demographic information included professional status (faculty, anesthesia resident, or nurse anesthetists [certified registered nurse anesthetists; CRNA]) and years of clinical experience.Results:69% of 312 providers responded. 98% of the survey takers consider the procedural time-out (the widely used pre-incision operating room checklist) as important or very important. We found that many anesthesia providers acknowledged limitations in their ability to perform clinical tasks without any lapses, and a majority would use checklists and other cognitive aids if available. Their acceptances are especially high for crisis situations (87 - 97%, depending on years of experience) and routine care that providers do not perform often (76 - 91%). Printed or electronic aids for patient-care transition and shift hand-offs were also valued (61% and 58%). To prepare for and perform routine anesthesia care, 40% of providers claimed interest in using checklists, however, the interest differed significantly with clinical experience: While both the least and most experienced providers valued aids for routine anesthesia (54% and 50%), only 29% of providers with 2 - 10 years of anesthesia experience claimed interest in using them. Distraction from patient care and decreased efficiency were concerns expressed for the use of routine checklist (27% and 31%, respectively). The main factors found to support the successful implementation of checklists into clinical care are ease of use and thoughtful integration into the anesthesia workflow.Conclusions:Providers at our large academic institution generally embrace the concept of checklists and other cognitive aids. This was true for all providers for checklists for procedural time outs, anesthesia crisis situations and those for routine procedures that providers rarely perform. Only very experienced and very junior providers appreciated the use of checklists for routine care. There remains a discrepancy between these claims and provider’s perception on their clinical competen...

We report six cases of anaphylactoid reaction after the administration of the muscle relaxant cisatracurium. They include two first-time documented anaphylactoid reactions after a precurarising dose. These incidents challenge existing views of a substantially reduced anaphylactoid potential of cisatracurium relative to other muscle relaxants.

We conclude that CRO administered twice in the first 24 h postoperatively is superior to intravenous tramadol/metamizol for postoperative analgesia after retinal surgery, with fewer adverse events and greater patient satisfaction.

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Transfusion-related acute lung injury and transfusion-associated circulatory overload: mutually exclusive or coexisting entities? 20 minutes following transfusion of the implicated platelet unit).Volume 47, January 2007 TRANSFUSION 171 loci (any HLA I and DRB1*04). The type of WBC that decreased during the acute event is not known; however, repeated differential counts 12 hours before and 5 hours after showed 90 to 95 percent neutrophils.This case demonstrates the difficulties in assigning transfusion-associated respiratory failure to a single cause, even when TACO can be demonstrated clearly. Regarding the latter we found serial measurements of ANP levels a valuable adjunct to clinical data and chest X-ray findings. As expected from the 10-fold shorter t1/2 of ANP compared to BNP, ANP reflected more directly than BNP the coincidence of peak levels of the marker with the clinical event and rapidly decreasing ANP levels with fluid restriction and diuresis.

Human error leading to the transfusion of blood to an unintended recipient is a major source of transfusion-related fatalities. We report five cases that highlight some specific areas in which transfusion error is likely to occur.

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