Full truncal vagotomy is associated with a decreased risk for subsequent PD, suggesting that the vagal nerve may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of PD.
The diurnal variation of plasma vasopressin (AVP), urinary excretion rate, urinary osmolality, and serum osmolality was studied twice in 15 patients with enuresis and in 11 age, weight, and sex matched nonenuretic normal subjects. A diurnal rhythm of AVP with constant levels during the day (8 AM-10 PM) and a highly significant increase during the night (10 PM-8 AM) was found in normal subjects. In contrast, enuretics showed a significantly less pronounced nocturnal increase in AVP with significantly lower nocturnal levels than normal subjects. Normal subjects showed a diurnal rhythm in urinary excretion rate reciprocal to urinary osmolality with a low and highly concentrated nocturnal urinary output. In enuretics, however, this normal diurnal rhythm was absent. In conclusion, an abnormal diurnal rhythm of AVP seems to be an important pathophysiological factor in enuresis, explaining the abnormally high nocturnal urinary volume and the low nocturnal urinary osmolality found in these patients.
Introduction
The terminology for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function is reviewed and updated in a clinically and practically‐based consensus report.
Methods
This report has been created by a Working Group under the auspices and guidelines of the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardisation Steering Committee (SSC). All relevant definitions were updated on the basis of research over the last 16 years since the publication of the first nocturia standardization document in 2002. An extensive process of 16 rounds of internal and external reviews was involved to examine each definition exhaustively, with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus).
Results
A clinically‐based terminology report for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function, encompassing five key definitions divided into signs and symptoms has been developed. Clarity and user‐friendliness have been key aims to make it interpretable by healthcare professionals and allied healthcare practitioners involved in the care of individuals with nocturnal lower urinary tract function.
Conclusion
A consensus‐based terminology report for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function has been produced to aid clinical practice and research.
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