Previous works have demonstrated the possibilities to influence the innovation process in organizations. Although the presented initiatives have their merits, they suffer from a lack of integrated perspective. They are focused on the evaluation of the link between the innovation process and only one of the subsystems of the administration, without considering the implications of the other subsystems. The aim of this article is to define a model of structural equations that summarizes the impact of the variables related to innovation management in organizations. This article first presents the identified variables according to the analyzed literature and then shows which variables were selected by consulting experts on the field. To measure the selected variables some questionnaires were elaborated. The questionnaires were applied in 111 entities of different production sectors. A confirmatory factorial analysis was developed with the obtained measures. Thanks to this analysis, it was possible to verify the incidence of the evaluated variables in the innovation management, allowing the elaboration of the model. The proposed model shows the link between the different variables that contribute to the innovation management process. The analysis confirmed that innovation, as a construct, has a multifactorial nature. The information used as input for the elaboration of the model allowed introducing a new sequence of innovation management from the integrated management of the variables that can influence it. This integrated management ensures effective human resources management, production, and marketing. The findings confirm that innovation needs to be managed in an integrated way with the rest of the administrative subsystems rather than as an isolated process. This way of working allows obtaining better results for the organizations. Based on the multisectorial nature of the research sample, it can be assumed that the obtained results can be corroborated in several fields.
Many designers and User Interface (UI) educators discuss principles to be followed when designing the functional aspects of a UI. However, many UI principles have been proposed, scattered in scientific papers and teaching books. Some principles are different, and many are somehow similar or overlapping with others. This makes it very difficult to comprehend where to pay attention to when designing a UI. In this paper, we perform a systematic literature review to first identify the most relevant authors in the domain of functional UI design principles. Focusing on the three most cited works of these authors, we extracted 257 principles. We next analyzed all these principles, unified their variants, and, considering their scientific influence, finally derived a shorter and core selection of 36 principles. This core selection provides educators and UI designers with a clear path to teach, evaluate, learn and improve the UI functional design.
Advances in software design possibilities have led to a growing interest in the study of User Interfaces (UIs). Many Model-Based User Interface Development Environments (MB-UIDEs) have been proposed to deal with the generation of the UIs (semi) automatically by using models with different levels of abstraction. Often, this generation is limited to the UI-part of an application. However, achieving true model-driven development (MDD) requires the co-development of application and user interface and hence needs to go a step further. This paper analyzes a large set of existing MB-UIDEs and evaluates, from a critical perspective, to what extent they can be considered full MDD environments and adequately addressing the co-design of UI and application. A robust assessment framework is defined and applied for this purpose. Following the guidelines proposed by Kitchenham & Charters in 2007, we performed a systematic literature review. A total of 82 papers were examined. Based on these papers, an assessment framework containing 10 criteria with specific metrics to evaluate MB-UIDEs was defined and 29 different environments were evaluated following these criteria. The evaluation shows that, although a strong progress has being achieved over the last years, the existing environments do not yet fully exploit the benefits and potentialities of MDD, nor do they adequately integrate UI design with application logic design and generation. Further research needs to be done to support the model-driven development of user interfaces and the co-design of the underlying application. The difficulty of use of the existing MB-UIDEs, the lack of UI design flexibility, and the lack of complete and integrated development support, are the main research gaps that need to be addressed.
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