This paper examines two facial composite systems that present multiple faces during construction to more closely resemble natural face processing. We evaluated a 'parallel' version of PRO-fit, which presents facial features in sets of six or twelve, and EvoFIT, a system in development, that contains a holistic face model and an evolutionary interface. The PRO-fit parallel interface turned out not to be quite as good as the 'serial' version as it appeared to interfere with holistic face processing. Composites from EvoFIT were named almost three times better than PRO-fit, but a benefit emerged under feature encoding, suggesting that recall has a greater role for EvoFIT than previously thought. In general, an advantage was found for feature encoding, replicating a previous finding in this area, and also for a novel 'holistic' interview. (131 words) Keywords: facial composite; parallel presentation; memory; holistic; witness 2 Witnesses and victims of serious crime may construct a visual likeness of a suspect's face. This is known as a facial composite and is typically obtained by describing the appearance of a suspect and selecting facial features: hair, face shape, eyes, nose, etc. Facial composites were originally the domain of artists, professionals who sketched with pencils or crayons, but other approaches were developed for those less artistic. Examples include Identikit and Photofit, available about 40 years ago. Research has identified problems with them, including both a limitation in the range of features (Davies 1983) and feature selection carried out in isolation from a whole face, a suboptimal procedure: features are normally seen in the context of a whole face (Davies and Christie 1982, Tanaka andSengco 1997). These issues appear resolved with the modern systems and very good likenesses are now possible (Cutler et al., 1988, Koehn and Fisher 1997, Davies et al., 2000.E-FIT and PRO-fit are computerised versions of Photofit used by police forces throughout the world. They have been found to produce composites that are named about 18% of the time from laboratory witnesses working from a recent memory of a target face (Brace et al., 2000, Bruce et al., 2002, Davies et al., 2000, Frowd et al., 2004, 2005a, a finding which suggests that most composites go unnamed. The situation is more worrying, however, when a more realistic delay to construction is used. Research by Frowd et al. (2005b) found that less than 1% of composites from E-FIT and PRO-fit were correctly named with a 2 day delay. We note a similar finding for the Mac-A-Mug Pro, a sketch-based computerised system (Koehn and Fisher 1997).Why might naming be so low for composites constructed after 2 days? Frowd et al. (2005b) proposed that this could be the result of a witness's memory becoming more of an impression after such a delay, with weakened access to facial features. Their work compared several systems including E-FIT, PRO-fit and a sketch artist. While performance was low after 2 days, composites from the sketch artist were better. T...

Here we review recent developments in the field of indirect intergroup contact, an extension of the classic Contact Hypothesis. Three forms of indirect contact are assessed: extended, vicarious and imagined. The strengths and limitations of each are evaluated. Although not as potent as direct contact, indirect forms of contact generally offer a more diverse set of practical solutions for reducing prejudice, especially in challenging contexts where direct contact may be infrequent or impossible.

NHS genetics centres in Scotland sought to investigate the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project diagnostic utility to evaluate genome sequencing for in rare, inherited conditions. Four regional services recruited 999 individuals from 394 families in 200 rare phenotype categories, with negative historic genetic testing. Genome sequencing was performed at Edinburgh Genomics, and phenotype and sequence data were transferred to Genomics England for variant calling, gene-based filtering and variant prioritisation. NHS Scotland genetics laboratories performed interpretation, validation and reporting. New diagnoses were made in 23% cases – 19% in genes implicated in disease at the time of variant prioritisation, and 4% from later review of additional genes. Diagnostic yield varied considerably between phenotype categories and was minimal in cases with prior exome testing. Genome sequencing with gene panel filtering and reporting achieved improved diagnostic yield over previous historic testing but not over now routine trio-exome sequence tests. Re-interpretation of genomic data with updated gene panels modestly improved diagnostic yield at minimal cost. However, to justify the additional costs of genome vs exome sequencing, efficient methods for analysis of structural variation will be required and / or cost of genome analysis and storage will need to decrease.

A repeat investigation of written communication with patients by a multidisciplinary Tier 2–4 adolescent CAMHs team found increased use of written communication. We highlight the need to explore young people’s views, and for further training and practice development.