The effect of different drink temperatures on the perception of exertion and exercise endurance has not been extensively investigated. Consequently, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of drink temperature on fluid intake and endurance during cycling in the heat. Eight healthy, non-acclimated males (26 ± 7 years; maximum oxygen uptake, 54 ± 5 ml kg −1 min −1 ; mean ± S.D.) cycled to exhaustion at 34• C and at 65% of their peak aerobic power, consuming a drink at either 19• C (CON) or 4 • C (COLD). Six of the eight subjects cycled for longer during COLD, with exhaustion occurring at 62 ± 4 min, compared to 55 ± 4 min for CON (P < 0.05; mean ± S.E.M.). Subjects consumed significantly more fluid during COLD compared to CON (1.3 ± 0.3 l h −1 compared to 1.0 ± 0.2 l h −1 ; P < 0.05). Heart rate tended to be lower by ∼5 beats min −1 during COLD, and rectal temperature during the second half of the exercise period was ∼0.25• C lower during the COLD trial; however, these trends were not significant (P = 0.08 and P = 0.07, respectively). No differences were observed between trials for ventilation, concentrations of prolactin, glucose and lactate or perceived exertion. It is concluded that a drink at 4• C during exercise in the heat enhances fluid consumption and improves endurance by acting as a heat sink, attenuating the rise in body temperature and therefore reducing the effects of heat stress.
The use of rituximab is increasing and regular administration over 2 to 3 h requires considerable healthcare resources and is inconvenient for patients. There is interest in reducing rituximab administration times and although infusion of rituximab over 90 min is safe, there is limited data on the safety of 60 min infusions. We recently changed our second and subsequent rituximab infusion protocol to a 60 min constant rate infusion for patients who had no significant reaction to their first infusion and conducted a prospective safety audit. Fifty-four patients aged between 20 and 86 received 105 rapid 60-min-rituximab infusions without any significant infusion reactions. We also conducted a survey of 20 major cancer centres in the UK and asked about their local rituximab administration policy. We found that 70% are using 90 min rituximab infusion protocols and that 25% are using slower rate infusions. Only one surveyed unit (5%) was using a 60 min rituximab infusion protocol. This study shows that rapid rituximab infusions over 60 min is safe and can be considered for most patients. This finding has considerable beneficial service implications for patients and healthcare providers and shows that there is considerable scope for further reduction in rituximab administration times within the UK.
Roche and Eli Lilly. AA declares spousal shares in Astra Zeneca. AR declares advisory role and consulting honoraria from Roche, MSD, Novartis, Lilly and Pfizer. AO declares research funding from Pfizer and travel support from Leo Pharmaceuticals. JS and KS salary has been and is funded in part by numerous pharmaceutical and small biotech companies to perform reporting of pharmacodynamic data from analysis of patient samples from Phase I clinical trials performed by the ICR Clinical PD Biomarker Group. These include Phase I trials of several PI3K inhibitors. EH acknowledges support from Cancer Research UK to the ICR Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (C1491/A25351). TY declares receiving research
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