Hydrocarbons can be readily oxidized in the vapor phase and noncatalytically to make chemicals under conditions of excellent temperature control when the reaction is carried out in the presence of a dispersion of fine inert solids DURISG the more than 20 years of work on vapor phase oxidation in this laboratory ( 2 ) : interest has centered on the development of a suitable reactor. the production and identification of chemicals resulting from hydrocarbon oxidations, and the mechanism of the oxidation reaction. Altogether; about 35 pure hydrocarbons have been studied.Eight different types of reactors (including open tubes, dense beds, packed columns employing highboiling inert liquids for temperature control in direct contact with the reactants, a transfer line reactor, and a three-stage alternate bed and void type of reactor) \vere built and evaluated > LIFT LINE
The terms involving square roots can be expressed as elliptic integrals (13) of the first ( F ) and second ( E ) kind. Thus In any system where solids are to fall through or are to be lifted by %uids a knowledge of the slip velocity of the solids is of great importance. At present there is a definite lack of experimental data in the literature for fluid-solid systems. The present work ( 2 ) in the intermediate or transition region between where the Stokes and Newton laws apply has been carried out to develop an accurate equation for slip velocity calculations for both spherical and nonspherical particles.
THEORYThe slip velocity of a single body falling in a fluid is defined as the constant equilibrium velocity attained by the body when the resistance offered by the viscous medium increases to the point where it is equal to the sravitational acceleration force. If the fluid is also stationary and infinite, the slip velocity equals the terminal velocity.It has been demonstrated experimentally (4) that the resistance cp of a particle in motion involves four quantities: the surface area of the particle A,, its terminal veloc-H. Donald Allendorf is with Aerochem Research Laboratories, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey.
Page 1070A.1.Ch.E.475 jb./c,u. ft.), surface to 0.31 Ib./cu. ft.) were ity ut, and the viscosity pf and density ,of of the medium through which the particle is flowing. The relationship involved may be expressed by the following equation:It should be noted that the area used here is the actual surface area of the particle rather than the area of the particle projected on a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow as used by several previous investigators. The actual area was chosen as it is much more readily detgmined experimentally.
Vapor phase oxidation may be used to convert both light and heavy gas oils to olefins and/or oxygenated compounds in a reaction vessel utilizing circulating solids to remove the exothermic heat of reaction. Such a process is of potential use in producing alpha olefins as well as fuels. At high temperatures the products consist largely of olefins rich in alpha olefins while at low temperatures oxygenated compounds rich in ketones and other oxygenated compounds predominate. In most cases the product distribution differs from that obtained either by catalytic or thermal cracking; such comparisons are made. Product analyses through the twelve-carbonatom range are given.
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