Aims To evaluate the effects of eHealth cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on health outcomes of coronary heart disease patients and to identify programme design, which may lead to more effective health benefits. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis following Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data sources Medline, EMBASE, CLNAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails, PubMed and CNKI were searched over the period from 1806 to April 2019. Review methods A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effect of eHealth CR on health outcomes of coronary heart disease patients. We used RevMan 5.3 for risk of bias assessment and meta‐analysis and GRADE software for generating findings. Results In all, 14 trials with 1,783 participants were included. eHealth CR has significantly promoted duration of physical activity, daily steps, quality of life (QoL) and re‐hospitalization. Using comparative analysis of programme design elements, including mode of delivery, intervention content, motivational strategies and social support, between the effective and ineffective eHealth CR, it was found that comprehensive empowerment strategies and follow‐up care by tele‐monitoring may be the crucial characteristics leading to more favourable treatment effect. Conclusion eHealth CR is effective in engaging patients in active lifestyle, improving QoL and reducing re‐hospitalization. Future research needs to test the effects of comprehensive CR programmes by incorporating empowerment strategies and tele‐monitoring as active components. Impact eHealth has been increasingly applied to increase accessibility and uptake of CR. Integrative evidence to indicate its effects on health outcomes is lacking. This review identified its positive effects on some behavioural, psychosocial and health service use outcomes. Together with insights about which programme design elements may positively shape the outcomes, this review informs the role and practice of cardiovascular nurses in promoting evidence‐based eHealth CR.

Background: Compassion has long been advocated as a fundamental element in nursing practice and education. However, defining and translating compassion into caring practice by nursing students who are new to the clinical practice environment as part of their educational journey remain unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore how Chinese baccalaureate nursing students define and characterize compassionate care as they participate in their clinical practice. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was used involving a semi-structured in-depth interview method and qualitative content analysis. Twenty senior year baccalaureate nursing students were interviewed during their clinical practicum experience at four teaching hospitals. Ethical considerations: Permission to conduct the study was received from the Institutional Review Boards and the participating hospitals. Results: Baccalaureate nursing students defined and characterized compassionate care as a union of “empathy” related to a nurse’s desire to “alleviate patients’ suffering,” “address individualized care needs,” “use therapeutic communication,” and “promote mutual benefits with patients.” Students recognized that the “practice environment” was characterized by nurse leaders’ interpersonal relations, role modeling by nurses and workloads which influenced the practice of compassionate care by nursing personnel. Conclusion: Compassionate care is crucial for patients, nurses, and students in their professional development as well as the development of the nursing profession. In order to provide compassionate care, a positive practice environment promoted by hospital administrators is needed. This also includes having an adequate workforce of nurses who can role model compassionate care to students in their preceptor role while meeting the needs of their patients.

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Aims: To evaluate the current evidence that examined the effects of nurses' work environment interventions on nurse, patient, and hospital outcomes; and the key intervention characteristics. Design: Quantitative systematic review without meta-analysis.