Uncertainty about the incidence and prevalence of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS), as well as the role of the environment in the etiology of ALS,
supports the need for a surveillance system/registry for this disease. Our aim
was to evaluate the feasibility of using existing administrative data to
identify cases of ALS. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR) funded four pilot projects at tertiary care facilities for ALS, HMOs,
and state based organizations. Data from Medicare, Medicaid, the Veterans Health
Administration, and Veterans Benefits Administration were matched to data
available from site-specific administrative and clinical databases for a
five-year time-period (1 January 2001–31 December 2005). Review of
information in the medical records by a neurologist was considered the gold
standard for determining an ALS case. We developed an algorithm using variables
from the administrative data that identified true cases of ALS (verified by a
neurologist). Individuals could be categorized into ALS, possible ALS, and not
ALS. The best algorithm had sensitivity of 87% and specificity of
85%. We concluded that administrative data can be used to develop a
surveillance system/ registry for ALS. These methods can be explored for
creating surveillance systems for other neurodegenerative diseases.
All responders should have at least basic awareness-level hazardous material training to recognize and avoid exposure. Research on improving firefighter PPE should continue. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:211-221).
Objective
To analyze hazardous substance release surveillance data for events involving secondary contamination of hospital emergency departments (EDs). Secondary contamination of EDs may occur when a patient, exposed to a hazardous chemical, is not decontaminated before arrival at the ED and when ED staff is not wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. This can result in adverse health outcomes among department personnel, other patients, and visitors. Even events without actual secondary contamination risk can be real in their consequences and require the decontamination of the ED and/or its occupants, evacuation, or temporary ED shut-down.
Methods
Events involving secondary contamination were identified using the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system and the National Toxic Substances Incidence Program during 2007–2013.
Results
Five incidents involving involved the threat of secondary contamination (0.02% of all events reported to the surveillance systems [n=33,001]) were detected and are described. Four incidents involved suspected secondary contamination in which the facility was evacuated or shut down.
Conclusions
These results suggest that while rare, incidents involving secondary contamination continue to present a hazard for emergency departments. Suggested best practices to avoid secondary contamination have been described. Hospitals should be made aware of the risks associated with secondary contamination and the need to proactively train and equip staff to perform decontamination.
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