Studies have come to conflicting conclusions about whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with poorer memory for emotionally neutral information. The authors report a meta-analysis of 27 studies that investigated verbal and/or visual memory in samples with PTSD and healthy controls. The results indicated that the association between PTSD and memory impairment appears to be robust, small to moderate in size, and stronger for verbal than for visual memory. Effect sizes did not vary according to whether recall was immediate or delayed. The association is found in both civilian and military samples and cannot be readily explained as being due to the use of nontraumatized healthy control groups or concurrent head injury. The findings are placed in the context of recent neurobiological and experimental cognitive research.

Bolus fluid therapy for the treatment of hypotensive dogs resulted in increased in systolic arterial BP in all dogs, although the HR did not reliably decrease as might be expected. Dogs that showed normalization of BP within the first hour of fluid resuscitation were more likely to be discharged alive than those who remained hypotensive. A majority of dogs received and responded to isotonic crystalloids fluid resuscitation.

The identification of insufficient effort is critical to neuropsychological evaluation, and several existing instruments assess effort on neuropsychological tasks. Yet instruments designed to detect insufficient effort are underutilized in standard neuropsychological assessments, perhaps in part because they typically require significant administration time and are, therefore, not ideally suited to screening contexts. The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) is a commonly administered, well-validated symptom validity test. This study evaluates the utility of TOMM Trial 1 as a relatively brief screening measure of insufficient effort. Results suggest that TOMM Trial 1 demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy and is a viable option for screening insufficient effort. Diagnostic accuracy estimates are presented for a range of base rates. The need for more comprehensive SVT assessment in most clinical and forensic situation is discussed.