Background
Governments in Latin America are constantly facing the problem of managing scarce resources to satisfy alternative needs, such as housing, education, food, and healthcare security. Those needs, combined with increasing crime levels, require financial resources to be solved.
Objective
The objective of this review was to characterizar the health system and health expenditure of a large country (Brazil) and a small country (Chile) and identify some of the challenges these two countries face in improving the health services of their population.
Methods
A literature review was conducted by searching journals, databases, and other electronic resources to identify articles and research publications describing health systems in Brazil and Chile.
Results
The review showed that the economic restriction and the economic cycle have an impact on the funding of the public health system. This result was true for the Brazilian health system after 2016, despite the change to a unique health system one decade earlier. In the case of Chile, there are different positions about which one is the best health system: a dual public and private or just public one. As a result, a referendum on September 4, 2022, of a new constitution, which incorporated a unique health system, was rejected. At the same time, the Government ended the copayment in the public health system in September 2022, excluding illnesses referred to the private sector. Another issue detected was the fragility of the public and private sector coverage due to the lack of funding.
Conclusions
The health care system in Chile and Brazil has improved in the last decades. However, the public healthcare systems still need additional funding and efficiency improvement to respond to the growing health requirements needed from the population.
Este artículo presenta un estudio cienciométrico de la producción científica sobre los conceptos de búsqueda “social crises” e “international security” entre 1978 y 2019. Se analizaron 222 artículos publicados en la base de datos Web of Science para establecer cuáles son los artículos más citados, los autores más influyentes, las revistas con mayor reconocimiento en el tema, las instituciones y los países que más productividad e impacto han tenido. Por otra parte, el mapa bibliométrico representa 9 clústeres que hacen referencia a la seguridad, la política y las crisis. Con base en los resultados se concluye que ambos temas son un área incipiente con poca colaboración entre autores e instituciones en la producción científica, lo que demuestra que existen potenciales líneas de desarrollo para este tema cada vez más estratégico.
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