Providing skilled treatment options for clients experiencing addiction is imperative to positive client treatment outcomes. As a prerequisite to providing efficacious addiction treatment, counselors-in-training are charged with the responsibility of understanding the affect of cravings on addiction relapse. This article presents 3 experiential, in-class activities that counselor-educators can use to assist students in understanding the influence of biological and environmental triggers and the power of cravings. The experiential classroom activities include the use of a student reflective journal cravings exercise, dance, and lyrics/music.
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has consistently pioneered new assessment methods in conjunction with developing the psychometric methodologies underlying them. Several NAEP developments-such as complex matrix item sampling designs, the introduction of performance-based items in large-scale assessments, vertical scaling, and an intelligent computer system that produces unique assessment reports for participating jurisdictions in the NAEP Trial State Assessment program-are presented in this chapter along with a discussion of their extensions and applications to other current and future assessment projects.This chapter is concerned with two primary topics: (a) the applications of the NAEP concepts and technology to other ongoing projects including future NAEP assessments and (b) new applications or extensions that build on the psychometric innovations introduced by NAEP. The applications and/or the extensions can be categorized into the following four areas: (a) matrix item sampling, (b) assessment methods, (c) extensions of the NAEP scale, and (d) computerized report generation.Sampling discussions will be limited to applications and extensions of the item sampling procedures used in NAEP. Details of the complex sampling designs used in student sampling are presented in Rust and Johnson (1992).Assessment methods refer to the introduction of many new types of performance assessment items in NAEP and the measurement issues that
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