The use of food additives (such as dyes, which improve the appearance of the products) has become more prominent, due to the rapid population growth and the increase in demand for beverages and processed foods. The dyes are usually found in effluents that are discharged into the environment without previous treatment; this promotes mass contamination and alters the aquatic environment. In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proven to be effective technologies used for wastewater treatment through the destruction of the total organic content of toxic contaminants, including food dyes. Studies have shown that the introduction of catalysts in AOPs improve treatment efficiency (i.e., complete decomposition without secondary contamination). The present review offers a quick reference for researchers, regarding the treatment of wastewater containing food dyes and the different types of AOPs, with different catalyst and nanocatalyst materials obtained from traditional and green chemical syntheses.
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal obtener etanol mediante fermentación alcohólica aplicando procesos biotecnológicos; debido a su alto contenido en azucares se emplea el mosto de uva como sustrato y la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae como agente biológico para completar la fermentación, debido a que, este microorganismo ha sido probado en investigaciones anteriores mostrando una elevada tolerancia al etanol. Se tuvo en cuenta variables como el pH, tiempo de fermentación, los grados Brix, formación de biomasa, entre otros. Los rendimientos de etanol y biomasa fueron de 0,483 gg-1 y 0,069 gg-1, respectivamente, además se establecieron las dimensiones del reactor en la escala industrial asumiendo una producción de 30L de etanol. Palabras clave: etanol, fermentación, mosto de uva.
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