Recent health policy efforts have attempted to promote constructive conversations regarding costeffectiveness by increasing transparency for both patients and physicians. Spurred by access and cost challenges resulting from increasing pharmaceutical prices, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) proposed a rule that would require direct-toconsumer prescription drug advertisements to include the list price for a typical 30-day course of therapy, according to their weighted average cost. 1 Even though there may be debates about the right price, this critical step forward is built on the foundation of previously implemented regulations requiring hospitals to publicly post their hospital charge description master or chargemasters. 2 This Viewpoint discusses implementing price transparency for health care products and services where physicians spend an increasing proportion of their time-in electronic health records (EHRs).More than 30 years of research supports the deployment of prices in EHRs to promote cost-conscious care in both outpatient and inpatient settings. A 1990 study tested the effects of displaying hospital chargemaster fees for diagnostic (eg, nuclear medicine studies) and laboratory tests in a primary care setting. Researchers found that physicians (n = 62) who viewed fee
This JAMA Performance Improvement article summarizes the AHRQ guideline on alarm fatigue in its health care safety series, including factors important to successfully implement approaches to reduce false alarms, total alarms, and noise levels.
N ursing care is a fundamental aspect of effective, efficient, and safe health care. Over the past several decades, there has been considerable debate about how to best define, measure, and incorporate nurse staffing levels into clinical practice and health policy decisions. [1][2][3] Nevertheless, nurse staffing levels have been used by oversight organizations, in public policy legislation, and in hospital rankings as a proxy for the quality of nursing care. 4,5 One of the most visible examples is the US News and World Report "Best Hospitals" rankings. 4 These rankings are commonly used by patients, referring providers, payers, and hospital executives. The methodology used to generate hospital ranking incorporates a Nurse Staffing Index (NSI), which has similarly been used in
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