Homelessness is a risk for growing numbers of immigrants. Largely as a result of low incomes, newcomers are more likely than the Canadian‐born to spend over 50 percent of total household income on housing costs. Many newcomers suffer ‘hidden homelessness’. They do not use shelters and other services, but share accommodation, couch‐surf and rely on their social contacts for temporary and precarious housing. The adverse impact of low incomes on the housing experiences of Canadian newcomers is exacerbated in the outer suburbs of metropolitan areas where the supply of affordable housing is limited. This study explores the social backgrounds and housing experiences of immigrant households that are vulnerable to homelessness in outer suburbs through analysis of special tabulations from the 2001 census for York Region and interviews with representatives from local community organisations serving immigrant and low‐income populations. The initial findings confirm that a high proportion of newcomers in York Region are at‐risk of homelessness during the first 10 years of residence in Canada. Although renters are more vulnerable than homeowners, a substantial percentage of newcomers who are homeowners pay more than 30 percent of their total income on housing costs. The shortage of affordable rental housing in the outer suburbs exacerbates the impacts of low incomes, immigration status, household size and ethnoracial identities on immigrants' housing.
The extensive debate over trade liberalization policies in the United States holds a general consensus that some industries will benefit while others will not. This paper explores the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement on U.S. retailers in states located along the border with Mexico. Overall, the impact of trade on U.S. border retailers has been beneficial. However, the results demonstrate that retailers in the region are vulnerable to exchange rate fluctuations and other macroeconomic influences that change the relative price ratio between the United States and Mexico. Furthermore, retailers in metropolitan statistical areas that have a relatively high concentration of retail sector employment are more susceptible to these changes. Copyright (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc..
Logan J. Belted by NAFTA? A look at trade's effect on the US manufacturing belt, Regional Studies. This paper observes the regional effects of increased trade liberalization between the USA, Canada, and Mexico on the US manufacturing sector between 1980 and 2000 using a panel data approach. Specifically, it estimates the effects of US tariff concessions on manufacturing employment and wage growth in the US manufacturing belt. Additionally, the study investigates the correlation between proximity to international borders and estimated county-level effects of trade liberalization on manufacturing activity. The results demonstrate that positive trade effects are present while location effects are not observed. [image omitted] Logan J. Ceinturee de l'ALENA? Un examen de l'impact des echanges commerciaux sur la ceinture industrielle aux E-U, Regional Studies. A partir des donnees provenant d'une enquete par panel, cet article cherche a examiner les effets regionaux sur le secteur industriel aux E-U de l'augmentation de la liberalisation des echanges commerciaux entre les E-U, le Canada et la Mexique de 1980 a 2000. Plus particulierement, on estime les effets des reductions tarifaires aux E-U sur l'emploi industriel et la croissance des salaires au sein de la ceinture industrielle americaine. En outre, on examine la correlation entre la proximite des frontieres internationales et l'impact de la liberalisation des echanges sur l'industrie au niveau du comte. Les resultats laissent voir que des effets positifs des echanges commerciaux sont presents, alors que des effets de localisation ne sont pas a noter. Liberalisation des echanges Agglomeration Reseau de production regional Effets de localisation Logan J. Gebeutelt durch NAFTA? Die Auswirkungen des Handels auf den Manufacturing Belt der USA, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag werden anhand von Paneldaten die regionalen Auswirkungen der verstarkten Liberalisierung des Handels zwischen den USA, Kanada und Mexiko auf den produzierenden Sektor der USA im Zeitraum von 1980 bis 2000 untersucht. Insbesondere schatze ich die Effekte der Importzollkonzessionen der USA auf das Beschaftigungsniveau und Einkommenswachstum in der US-Industrieregion des Manufacturing Belt. Daruber hinaus untersuche ich den Zusammenhang zwischen der Nahe zu internationalen Grenzen und den geschatzten Auswirkungen der Handelsliberalisierung auf die Produktionsaktivitat auf Bezirksebene. Die Ergebnisse beweisen, dass positive Handelsauswirkungen vorhanden sind, wahrend keine Standortauswirkungen beobachtet wurden. Handelsliberalisierung Ballungsraum Regionales Produktionsnetz Standortauswirkungen Logan J. �Limitado por NAFTA? Las repercusiones del comercio en el cinturon manufacturero de los Estados Unidos, Regional Studies. En este articulo analizo con ayuda de datos de panel como ha repercutido regionalmente la creciente liberalizacion comercial del sector manufacturero de los EE.UU., Canada y Mexico entre 1980 y 2000. En concreto calculo los efectos de las concesiones arancelarias de los Estados U...
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