No abstract

An energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet provides nutritional and metabolic benefits that are equal to and sometimes greater than those observed with a high-carbohydrate diet.

An LC does not impair FMD. We observed beneficial effects of both diets on most of the CVD risk factors measured. This trial was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry as ACTR N0 12606000203550.

A reported higher protein intake appears to confer some weight-loss benefit. Cardiovascular disease risk factors, biomarkers of disease, and serum vitamins and minerals improved with no differences between groups.

Background: Low-carbohydrate diets are often used to promote weight loss, but their effects on psychological function are largely unknown. Objective: We compared the effects of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet with a conventional high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet on mood and cognitive function. Design: Ninety-three overweight or obese participants [x Ȁ SEM age: 50.2 Ȁ 0.8 y; body mass index (in kg/m 2 ): 33.6 Ȁ 0.4] were randomly assigned to an energy-restricted (Ȃ6 -7 MJ, 30% deficit), planned isocaloric LCHF diet or an HCLF diet for 8 wk. Body weight and psychological well-being were measured by using the Profile of Mood States, Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory instruments at baseline and fortnightly. Cognitive functioning (working memory and speed of processing) was assessed at baseline and week 8. Results:The LCHF diet resulted in significantly greater weight loss than did the HCLF diet (7.8 Ȁ 0.4 and 6.4 Ȁ 0.4 kg, respectively; P ҃ 0.04). Both groups showed improvements in psychological well-being (P 0.01 for time), with the greatest effect occurring during the first 2 wk, but there was no significant difference between groups. There were no significant between-group differences in working memory (P ҃ 0.68), but there was a significant time ҂ diet interaction for speed of processing (P ҃ 0.04), so that this measure improved less in the LCHF than in the HCLF diet group. Conclusions: Both dietary patterns significantly reduced body weight and were associated with improvements in mood. There was some evidence for a smaller improvement in cognitive functioning with the LCHF diet with respect to speed of processing, but further studies are required to determine the replicability of this finding.Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:580 -7.

The magnitude of weight loss and the improvements in insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk factors did not differ significantly between the 2 diets, and neither diet had any detrimental effects on bone turnover or renal function.

Combining WB with RS had more benefits than did WB alone. This finding may have important implications for the dietary modulation of luminal contents, especially in the distal colon (the most common site of tumor formation).

A mechanical hand grip dynamometer was used to derive age- and sex-related standard grip strengths from 247 healthy volunteers between 16 and 95 yr old. Preoperative grip strength was measured in 90 patients and related to postoperative complication rates. A grip strength of 85% standard for age and sex was found to be the most effective cut-off for prediction of postoperative complications in terms of sensitivity and specificity, predicting 74% of the complications (p less than 0.05). Specificity is improved over previously published standards related to sex alone especially when assessing the elderly patient (50% vs 21%). A grip strength below the recommended cut-off for age and sex suggests that the patient is in a high-risk group and demands further investigation of nutritional status. Studies of pre-operative nutritional support for the at risk group need to be undertaken.