The paper presents research that answers three main questions: (1) Do preconceptions held about the constituent materials of an environmental noise barrier affect how people perceive the barrier will perform at attenuating noise? (2) Does aesthetic preference influence the perception of how a barrier will perform? (3) Are barriers, which are deemed more aesthetically pleasing, more likely to be perceived as better noise attenuators? In a virtual reality setting with film to improve the contextual realism of the intersensory interaction test, participants were required to compare the perceived effectiveness of five standard 'in-situ' noise barriers, including concrete, timber, metal, transparent acrylic and a vegetative screen. The audio stimulus was held at a constant sound pressure level (SPL), whilst the visual stimulus changed, as the influential factor. As the noise levels projected during the study were held constant, it was possible to attribute the participant's perception of noise attenuation by the barriers, to preconceptions of how the varying barrier material would attenuate noise.There was also an inverse correlation between aesthetics and perception of how a noise barrier would perform. The transparent and deciduous vegetation barriers, judged most aesthetically pleasing, were judged as the least effective at attenuating noise.
In response to growing nurse shortages and heightened attention to patient quality, many healthcare organizational leaders are developing and testing new care delivery models. These models strive to improve patient quality and satisfaction by engaging nurses and other healthcare professionals in different roles across the continuum of care. In this article, the authors profile 5 new care delivery models from their current work sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. In addition, the authors identify common elements underlying the success of the models.
The majority of the English population lives in suburbs and this is where the impacts of climate change will significantly affect people's domestic lives: heat stress, respiratory problems, flooding, drought, deterioration of green spaces and damage from storms. A recognized need exists to adapt suburbs (homes, gardens and public space) physically to mitigate against further climate change and to adapt to inevitable weather patterns. A number of potential adaptation options, addressing different risks, are identified and tested using a range of methods, including modelling, and workshops with residents and professional and institutional stakeholders. The 'best' solutions are those that reduce the climate risk within the context of local adaptive capacity. Solutions are effective, acceptable and feasible given the type of suburb; its location; microclimate; housing type; the climate risk it faces; the socio-economic composition of its residents and their attitudes; resources; and governance conditions. It is essential to consider both the totality of the suburban environment and the combined effects of mitigation and adaptation measures. However, the biggest challenge is implementation which entails a better understanding of the problem by a range of stakeholders, a more supportive policy context, more resources, and clearer responsibilities.La majeure partie de la population anglaise vit dans les banlieues et c'est là que les effets du changement climatique affecteront considérablement la vie familiale des gens : stress thermique, problèmes respiratoires, inondations, sécheresses, détérioration des espaces verts et dommages causés par les orages. Il existe une nécessité reconnue d'adapter physiquement les banlieues (habitations, jardins et espaces publics) afin d'atténuer la progression du changement climatique et de s'adapter aux conditions météorologiques inévitables. Un certain nombre d'options d'adaptation possibles, répondant à des risques différents, sont identifiées et testées en utilisant un éventail de méthodes, dont la modélisation, et des ateliers avec les résidents et les parties prenantes professionnelles et institutionnelles. Les «meilleures» solutions sont celles qui réduisent le risque climatique dans le cadre des capacités d'adaptation locales. Les solutions se montrent efficaces, acceptables et faisables en fonction du type de banlieue; de sa situation; du microclimat; du type de logements; du risque climatique auquel la banlieue est exposée; de la composition socioéconomique de ses résidents et de leurs attitudes; des ressources; et des conditions de gouvernance. Il est essentiel de prendre en considération à la fois la totalité de l'environnement suburbain et les effets combinés des mesures d'atténuation et d'adaptation. Néanmoins, le plus gros défi est la mise en oeuvre, ce qui implique une meilleure compréhension du problème par un large éventail de parties prenantes, des politiques créant un contexte de soutien accru, des ressources plus importantes, et des responsabilités clarifiées.
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