IntroductionOver the past decade, the analysis of what occurs when learners are involved in 'work'-based learning (WBL) has, at best, been superficial and simplistic, i.e. it has been accepted that individuals learn by being in a knowledge-based work-based environment. It does not follow, however, that they will acquire the knowledge they are seeking simply by being in a 'real world' workplace environment. What needs to be considered is how the learning processes take place in 'work'-related environments and how, by understanding the mechanisms of learning, the work-based environment can be formalised as an authentic learning environment and thus accepted as comparable but nevertheless different from the traditional on-campus one. Academics in the work-based learning field recently explored its theoretical basis with a view to establishing the workplace environment by educators, policymakers, government, industry and commerce as a formalised and accepted educational environment. It would appear that most practitioners have assumed that the experience of working in such an environment drives learning and, hence, the terminology 'experiential or work-based learning' has increasingly been used over past years to describe the learning mechanisms and processes in this environment. But the development of a conceptual theoretical base is inhibited by the ambiguous nature of what has, over the last decade, been described and considered as the practice of work-based learning. In this article, we examine how experiential learning theories can contribute to the development of a common theoretical framework which draws together lifelong learning practice to support the conceptualisation of work-based learning. We believe this approach is an important step which needs to be taken, as a common theoretical framework will underpin policy-making at institutional and systemic levels and encourage a common European strategy regarding the role of WBL in tertiary education. WBL supports the personalisation of learning, which is highly desirable, but for this to be effectively established will need a common theoretical framework taken forward as future policy by the higher and further education sectors. The establishment of such a framework would, of course, have major implications for tertiary education, as it would mean achieving a common approach across Europe. The authors have been involved over the past 20 years as researchers and in the development and teaching of WBL from diploma to professional doctorate levels. The characterisation of WBL by consideration of experiential theories is based on both practice over the past 10 years and consideration of relevant theories. While much of the practice
The dynamics of wind turbine behavior are complex and a critical area of study for the wind industry. Identification of factors that cause changes in turbine performance can sometimes prove to be challenging, whereas other times, it can be intuitive. The quantification of the effect that these factors have is valuable for making improvements to both power performance and turbine health. In commercial farms, large quantities of meteorological and performance data are commonly collected to monitor daily operations. These data can also be used to analyze the relationship between each parameter in order to better understand the interactions that occur and the information contained within these signals. In this global sensitivity analysis, a neural network is used to model select wind turbine supervisory control and data acquisition system parameters for an array of turbines from a commercial wind farm that exhibit signs of wake interaction. An extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test is then performed for 2 years of 10-min averaged data. The study examines the primary and combined sensitivities of power output to each selected parameter for two turbines in the array. The primary sensitivities correspond to single parameter interactions, whereas combined sensitivities account for interactions between multiple parameters simultaneously. Highly influential parameters such as wind speed and rotor rotation frequency produce expected results; the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test method proved effective at quantifying the sensitivity of a wide range of more subtle inputs. These include blade pitch, yaw position, main bearing and ambient temperatures as well as wind speed and yaw position standard deviation. The technique holds promise for application in full-scale wake studies where it might be used to determine the benefits of emerging power optimization strategies such as active wake management. The field of structural health monitoring can also benefit from this method.Global sensitivity analysis of wind turbine power output P. M. McKay et al.
An analytical method is developed for the calculation of the torsional stiffness of thick laminated rectangular plates of finite width. Through-thickness shear deformations are included in order to satisfy vanishing of in-plane shear stresses at the free edges, which constitutes a non-trivial effect in thick laminated plates. The present method is based upon the calculation of a characteristic value for the relevant laminate, which serves to quantify the relative rate at which in-plane shear stresses are attenuated near free edges. This characteristic value is subsequently utilized in order to calculate an “effective” width-to-thickness aspect ratio, which is then used to calculate the torsional stiffness of the laminated plate. The present analytical method is computationally validated against 22 unique cases that were synthesized from seven different laminate layups, two different width-to-thickness aspect ratios, and two types of torsional loadings.
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