1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) stimulated the production of ethylene in subapical stem sections of etiolated pea (cv. Alaska) seedlings in the presence and absence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). No lag period was evident following application of ACC, and the response was saturated at a concentration of 1 mM ACC. Levels of endogenous ACC paralleled the increase in ethylene production in sections treated with different concentrations of IAA and with selenoethionine or selenomethionine plus IAA. The IAA-induced formation of both ACC and ethylene was blocked by the rhizobitoxine analog aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). Labelling studies with L-[U-(14)C]methionine showed an increase in the labelling of ethylene and ACC after treatment with IAA. IAA had no specific effect on the incorporation of label into S-methylmethionine or homoserine. The specific radioactivity of ethylene was similar to the specific radioactivity of carbon atoms 2 and 3 of ACC after treatment with IAA, indicating that all of the ethylene was derived from ACC. The activity of the ACC-forming enzyme was higher in sections incubated with IAA than in sections incubated with water alone. These results support the hypothesis that ACC is the in-vivo precursor of ethylene in etiolated pea tissue and that IAA stimulates ethylene production by increasing the activity of the ACC-forming enzyme.
The effect of several analogs of 1-triacontanol (TRIA), differing in C-chain length (16-32), the position of the hydroxyl group and the terminal functional group, were tested alone and in combination with TRIA on the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings. Applied alone, none of the compounds caused an increase in growth; thus, chain length (30 C) and presence and position (terminal) of the hydroxyl group appear to be specific for the growth-promoting activity of TRIA. When applied simultaneously with TRIA, all analogs inhibited the response to the latter in all three test plants, whether applied in the nutrient solution, as foliar spray or by seed soaking. 1-Octacosanol inhibited the response of rice seedlings to 2.3 x 10(-8) M TRIA at concentrations as low as 2.4 x 10(-12) M. Thus preparations of TRIA and application equipment must be free from trace amounts of other long-chain compounds if they are to be used to increase plant growth.
Application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to rib segments excised from flowers of Ipomoea tricolor Cav. resulted in the formation of C2H4 in greater quantities than produced under natural conditions. The ability of ACC to enhance C2H, production was independent of the physiological age of the tissue and its capacity to synthesize C2H4 without applied ACC. When ACC was fed to rib segments that had been treated with 114Clmethionine, incorporation of radioacthivty into C2H4 was reduced by 80%. Aminethoxyvinylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid inhibited C2H4 production in rib segments of L tricolor but had no effect on ACC-enhanced C2H4 production. Protoplasts obtained from flower tissue of L tricolor did not form C2H4, even when incubated with methie or selenomethionine. They produced C2H4 upon incubation with ACC, however. ACC-dependent C2H4 production in protoplasts was inhibited by n-propyl gaDlate, AgCl, CoC12, KCN, Na2S, and NaN3. ACC-depndent C2H4 synthesis in rib segments and protoplasts was dependent on 02, the Km for 02 being 1.0 to 1.4% (v/v
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