A time series analysis by Manish Patel and colleagues shows that the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in Brazil is associated with reduced diarrhea-related deaths and hospital admissions in children under 5 years of age.

Since the introduction of rotavirus vaccine, diarrhea-associated health care utilization and medical expenditures for U.S. children have decreased substantially.

The implementation of routine childhood immunization against rotavirus has rapidly and dramatically reduced the large health burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in US children. Continued monitoring of rotavirus diarrhea is needed to determine if immunity wanes as vaccinated children get older and to better quantify the indirect benefits of vaccination. Ongoing surveillance will also enable monitoring of the long-term impact of vaccination on rotavirus epidemiology.

Person-to-person transmission, including an incident of public vomiting during boarding, likely contributed to this high morbidity outbreak. Infirmary surveillance detected only 60% of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases involved in this outbreak. Adjustments to outbreak reporting thresholds may be needed to account for incomplete voluntary AGE reporting and to more rapidly implement control measures.

Rotavirus activity was substantially diminished during the 2009-2010 rotavirus season compared with the prevaccine baseline and the 2 previous postvaccine introduction seasons. These sustained declines over 3 rotavirus seasons reaffirm the health benefits of the US rotavirus vaccination program.

RV1 appears to have had a substantial impact on diarrhea-associated hospitalizations among young children in Panama.

patients presented an overall clinical improvement of ≥ 20%, ≥ 50% and ≥ 80%. These improvements were associated with a reduction of steroid use (75% of patients on steroids at belimumab-initiation decreased mean dose from 14.8 to 6.8mg/day; p< 0.001) and HRU between the pre/post index periods: emergency-room visits 1.65 to 0.41; p= 0.001; unscheduled visits to treating-physician 1.02 to 0.03; p< 0.001, visits to other specialists (1.64 to 1.06; p= 0.017) and antibody tests (7.78 to 7.53; p= 0.47). An increase in HRU was observed for hematological and renal tests (3.14 to 3.52; p= 0.045) and (5.95 to 6.59; p= 0.024), respectively. Working patients (39%) also showed a reduction in the LA days between the pre/post index periods (25.6 to 5.7 days; p= 0.025). ConClusions: Belimumab treatment yielded improved clinical outcomes and a reduction in HRU directly related with SLE management, as corticoid use. Mean number of LA days also showed a substantial reduction, especially important in SLE, mostly affecting young patients.

Administering a higher dose of heparin to patients weighing more than 100 kg may not impart additional efficacy in reducing the incidence of VTE. However, it may increase the risk for bleeding.