ABSTRACT. Ecological research, especially work related to conservation and resource management, increasingly involves social dimensions. Concurrently, social systems, composed of human communities that have direct cultural connections to local ecology and place, may draw upon environmental research as a component of knowledge. Such research can corroborate local and traditional ecological knowledge and empower its application. Indigenous communities and their interactions with and management of resources in their traditional territories can provide a model of such social-ecological systems. As decision-making agency is shifted increasingly to indigenous governments in Canada, abundant opportunities exist for applied ecological research at the community level. Despite this opportunity, however, current approaches by scholars to community engaged ecological research often lack a coherent framework that fosters a respectful relationship between research teams and communities. Crafted with input from applied scholars and leaders within indigenous communities in coastal British Columbia, we present here reflections on our process of academic-community engagement in three indigenous territories in coastal British Columbia, Canada. Recognizing that contexts differ among communities, we emerge with a generalizable framework to guide future efforts. Such an approach can yield effective research outcomes and emergent, reciprocal benefits such as trust, respect, and capacity among all, which help to maintain enduring relationships. Facing the present challenge of community engagement head-on by collaborative approaches can lead to effective knowledge production toward conservation, resource management, and scholarship.
For many Indigenous peoples, their traditional lands are archives of their histories, from the deepest of time to recent memories and actions. These histories are written in the landscapes' geological features, contemporary plant and animal communities, and associated archaeological and paleoecological records. Some of these landscapes, recently termed "cultural keystone places" (CKPs), are iconic for these groups and have become symbols of the connections between the past and the future, and between people and place. Using an historical-ecological approach, we describe our novel methods and initial results for documenting the history of three cultural keystone places in coastal British Columbia, Canada: Hauyat, Laxgalts'ap (Old Town) and Dałk Gyilakyaw (Robin Town) (territories of Heiltsuk, Gitga'ata, and Gitsm'geelm, respectively). We combine data and knowledge from diverse disciplines and communities to tell the deep and recent histories of these cultural landscapes. Each of CKPs encompasses expansive landscapes of diverse habitats transformed by generations of people interacting with their surrounding environments. Documenting the "softer" footprints of past human-environmental interactions can be elusive and requires diverse approaches and novel techniques. [historical ecology, traditional resource management, cultural keystone Places, Northwest Coast] RESUMEN Para muchos Indígenas, sus tierras tradicionales son archivos de sus historias, desde lo más profundo del tiempo a las más recientes memorias y acciones. Estas historias están escritas en las características geológicas de los paisajes, comunidades contemporáneas de plantas y animales, y registros arqueológicos y paleo-ecológicos asociados. Algunos de estos paisajes, recientemente denominados "lugares culturales claves" (CKPs), son icónicos para estos grupos y se han convertido en símbolos de las conexiones entre el pasado y el futuro, y entre las personas y el lugar. Usando una aproximación histórica-ecológica, describimos nuestros métodos novedosos y resultados iniciales para documentar la historia de tres lugares culturales claves en la Columbia Británica costera, Canadá:Hauyat, Laxgalts'ap (Old Town), y Dalk Gyilakyaw (Robin Town) (territorios de Heiltsuk, Gitga'ata, y Gitsm'geelm, respectivamente). Combinamos datos y conocimiento de diversas disciplinas y comunidades para contar las historias profundas y recientes de estos paisajes culturales. Cada uno de los CKPs abarca paisajes expansivos de diversos hábitats transformados por generaciones de personas interactuando con los ambientes circundantes. Documentar las huellas "más frescas" de las interacciones humano-ambientales puede ser elusivo y requiere diversas aproximaciones y técnicas novedosas. [ecología histórica, manejo tradicional de recursos, lugares culturales claves, Costa Noroccidental] NOTES Acknowledgments. We acknowledge the past, present, and future generations of people who are linked to Hauyat, Laxgalts'ap, and Dałk Gyilakyaw. We are grateful to the chiefs and councils of the Heilts...
Exploiting crowdsourcing, a company called Kaggle runs public competitions to analyze the data of scientists, companies, and organizations.
2005). Urban domestic gardens (VII): a preliminary survey of soil seed banks. AbstractAs part of a larger survey of biodiversity in private gardens in Sheffield, UK, we examined the composition and diversity of the soil seed banks in each of 56 gardens. Six soil cores from each garden revealed 2759 seedlings of 119 taxa, although the real species richness is likely to be much higher than this. By far the most abundant species were weedy natives, while the most common alien was Buddleja davidii. Seeds of perennial herbs were more abundant than hundreds of all other life forms combined. More frequent species were also more abundant, but the relationship was weak. Numbers of species in the seed bank and in the garden flora were positively but very weakly related. Seeds were quite evenly distributed between 0 -5 cm and 5 -10 cm soil layers, and most seeds were of species known to have persistent seed banks. Seeds of some species were largely confined to gardens in which the plant was growing, but others were not.
Bacteria can prompt single-celled choanoflagellates to divide into multicellular versions of themselves, biologists reported last week at the 71st annual meeting of the Society for Developmental Biology.
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