R e s u m e n Este artículo investiga las interconexiones entre la seguridad, la migració n y los derechos humanos en una comunidad de Mam Maya en Guatemala durante la posguerra. Explora los así llamados ''maras'' (las pandillas, generalmente de jó venes emigrantes de sueldo-trabajo regresados de EEUU) y los comités de seguridad que se han formado para controlarlos. En el nexo resultante de relaciones y contradicciones poderosas, los individuos mueven en y fuera de los derechos reconocidostanto en Guatemala como en los Estados Unidos, produciendo un concepto flexible y líquido de derechos, de sus significados, y de los usos posibles de tales. Enfocándome en un caso específico, muestro có mo nombrándoles ''mara'' a los jó venes rebeldes migratorios tiene la consecuencia de negar sus derechos y justifica formas de justicia, ni justa ni impuesto mayormente por el estado, sino por sus propias comunidades. Estos temas están sumergidos en conflictos comunitarios entre las generaciones y en contextos histó ricos tanto locales como nacionales. Más allá de cuestiones sobre la conmensurabilidad de derechos y preocupaciones sobre seguridad, esta problemática implica una crisis en la capacidad de imaginarse un futuro colectivo. This article examines the interconnections between security, migration, and human rights in a Mam Maya community in postwar Guatemala. It does so by exploring socalled maras (gangs, often of young wage-labor migrants returned from the United States) and the security committees that have formed to control them. In the resulting nexus of relationships and powerful contradictions, individuals move in and out of rights entitlement in Guatemala and in the United States, producing a flexible and fluid concept of rights, their meanings, and potential uses. Tracing one case in particular, I show how naming rebellious migrant youth as mareros in this context has the consequence of denying their rights and justifying summary forms of justice, neither just nor exercised predominantly by the state, but rather, in their own communities. These issues, embedded as they are in different kinds of community and intergenerational conflicts as well as local and national historical contexts, go beyond the commensurability of rights talk and security concerns: they speak of the ability to imagine collective futures. PALABRAS CLAVES: Guatemala, Maya, migració n, seguridad, derechos humanos, transició n.
This article reviews the recent and emerging post-Cold War sociocultural anthropology research on Central America, defined as the five countries that share a common colonial and postcolonial history: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Following a consideration of the foundational literature widely engaged by scholars to theorize regional processes, three sections reflect major themes of investigation in the area: political economy, including environmental concerns and migration; political, ethnic, and religious subjectivities; and violence, democracy, and in/security, including gangs. We conclude that the well-developed anthropology of Central America has made key contributions to disciplinary analyses and debates, especially in the fields of political and economic anthropology and in terms of furthering studies of violence, migration, neoliberalism, and postconflict democracy. Anthropologists working in the region have been at the forefront of public and "engaged" anthropology, recognizing the political contexts and power relations in which knowledge is produced.
Purpose In the past decades, there has been much research into ways organizations can become high-performing. Research into ways organizations can stay high-performing, especially in challenging times, is much less prevalent. The purpose of this study is to look at ways that high-performance organizations (HPOs) use in practice to stay high-performing. Design/methodology/approach The approach of this study consisted of a qualitative matching of the theoretical ways organizations can foster organizational grit – strengthen stamina and resilience of employees to keep achieving results and to persevere in the face of setbacks – with the empirical ways three case organizations in practice used to stay high-performing. Findings The literature review yielded 9 ways to foster organizational grit, while the empirical research provided 12 ways HPOs used to stay high-performing. What the literature highlighted was matched in such a way that these practical ways to stay high-performing can be understood as solutions/alternatives with which to foster grit in the organization in a practical manner. Originality/value HPOs are quite rare and being able to follow them closely for a prolonged period of time is even more unique. Therefore, this study can be seen as adding a unique piece to the puzzle of how to stay HPO and how organizational grit can be fostered and strengthened.
Climate change is currently a topic of debate that is discussed not only within the physical science community but also by those in policy. Outside of these communities lies the American public, often not seeking out climate change research, but rather ingesting information interpreted by a third party, most likely through a political lens. Given the increased attention to natural disasters, one area of concern is the possible relationship between climate change and natural disasters. An assessment of the public's opinion on this relationship has seen minimal research and none regarding college students. College students are a unique subset of the populace for their age, media sensitivity, and possible future in policy or research. This study surveyed college students in geography courses at Kent State University regarding their opinion of the effect of climate change on various natural disasters, while given examples of recently occurring natural disasters. The natural disasters included both atmospheric-related and nonatmospheric-related phenomena. The results show similar responses for those natural disasters that are atmospheric related. However, disparities exist between atmospheric-related and nonatmospheric-related natural disasters, illustrating a lack of knowledge between climate change and nonatmospheric natural disasters, especially tsunamis. Finally, females were found more likely to agree with the effect of climate change on natural disasters, while males were more likely to disagree.
This article takes anticorruption activism as a starting point for analyzing how young activists unequally experience the inequalities produced by corruption, as well as the bureaucratic and financial weight of anticorruption and audit culture. Against the backdrop of Guatemala's now‐defunct pioneering anticorruption commission, the International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG), we utilize the concept of the anti/corruption continuum to analyze the contradictory positions of young people fighting against and depending on corruption for their economic survival. Gender, age, and class dynamics and young people's economic precarity make clientelism difficult to avoid and often curtail participation in movements for change. While most discussions of the CICIG's work focus on the national level, this is a unique view on how national‐level politics reverberated locally in a Mayan community.
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