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This study examines what kind of competencies teachers need in using game-based pedagogy (GBP). In our conceptual framework, GBP entails four approaches: using educational games or entertainment games, learning by making games, and using gamification in learning. Our data, consisting of teachers' documentation, thematic interviews and questionnaires, were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Four main competence areas were identified: pedagogical, technological, collaborative and creative. The results are applicable for developing teacher education and in-service training, as teacher competencies in game-based learning will be more integral to teachers' professional knowledge and skill repertoires.

This study reviews the potential of tablet technology for teaching and learning. In autumn 2012, we conducted a focused survey comprising quantitative and qualitative questions with Finnish teachers (N = 171, from 54 schools). We focused on perceived pedagogical opportunities and the actualized pedagogical potential of tablets at schools. The survey results indicate that the actual usefulness of tablets in schools was significantly less than what teachers perceived as the pedagogical potential. However, the results demonstrate the positive impact these devices are having on teaching and learning, as well as prompting changes in pedagogical perspectives. Teachers stated that tablets can diversify and enhance teaching and learning in many ways, particularly in supporting learners' motivation and independent learning, and promoting engaging teaching methods. Nevertheless, teachers voiced concern that the student-to-device ratio at the moment is too low, thus serving as a barrier to widespread use of tablets.

Abstract-This study explores how teachers' attitudes and competencies influence their willingness to adopt mobile learning approaches. By mobile learning we mean teaching approaches that use mobile devices to enliven and extend traditional teaching. Of particular interest is exploring how first-order (e.g. lack of adequate access, time, training and support) and secondorder (e.g. teacher's pedagogical and technological beliefs and willingness to change) barriers affect teachers' beliefs and attitudes. In the autumn of 2012, we conducted three mobile learning case studies in Central Finland. We used semistructured interviews to collect data. The study indicated that positive experiences raised teachers' willingness to use the mobile technologies again. Observations also highlighted the need for adequate support (i.e. technological and pedagogical support), and teachers' professional development. In particular, the teachers should have the confidence to embrace mobile technology in their teaching practices. Lack of confidence heightened other barriers and reduced the willingness to adopt mobile learning approaches.