In a Fresnel-based Concentrated Photovoltaic system, multi junction solar cells suffer from increased PV temperature, resulting in a decrease its electrical efficiency. This study design to investigate the influence of using Water/Al2O3 Nanofluid as cooling fluid on heat transfer enhancement and top surface temperature for multi-junction solar cell in the Fresnel-based Concentrated Photovoltaic thermal CPVt System. The CFD simulation was conducted on mini-channel under the concentrated multi-junction solar cell with using water/Al2O3 Nanofluid and pure water as coolant fluids. The Reynolds number is in the range of 15000-30000 were examined. The average Nusselt numbers augmented through increasing Reynolds numbers. The water/Al2O3 Nanofluid provides highest heat transfer enhancement of 23% compare with water in Fresnel-based CPVt system. The top surface temperature decreases as Nusselt number increases. The Nuavg improves 21% with using of water/Al2O3 Nanofluid at lowest Reynolds number of 15000 and 23% at highest Reynolds number of 30000.The top surface temperature dropped from 337K to 327K at lowest Reynolds number of 15000 with using Water/Al2O3 Nanofluid as cooling fluid and from 323K to 315K at highest Reynolds number of 30000.This study has confirmed that the use of water/Al2O3 Nanofluid has significant influence on the dissipate the heat from Multi-Junction Solar Cell in Fresnel-based CPVt system which led to improve its electrical efficiency.
The thermal characteristics of four types of dry friction clutch materials (LUK, G95, HCC, and Tiger) are investigated experimentally and numerically in the present work under different working conditions; such as initial sliding angular velocity (ω ro ), torque (T), and sliding time (t s ). The temperature distributions over a cross-section of friction clutch elements (pressure plate and flywheel) are investigated and optimized during the sliding period (heating phase), and full engagement period (cooling phase). The effect of alternative frictional materials lining of a clutch disc on the thermal behavior of the sliding system under different operating conditions (different angular velocities, torques, and sliding periods) is investigated experimentally. The results showed that the maximum effect on the temperature values occurred when applying maximum torque (4.5 kg•m), maximum initial rotational speed (1200 rpm), slipping period (30 s). However, the temperature values at interface contact decrease when decreasing all the above input conditions values to (2.5 kg•m, 690 rpm, and slipping period to 8 s). The results showed that the temperature reduced (53%)
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