The aim of this work is the utilization of carbon monoxide (CO) from steel mill gases for the synthesis of phosgene, which can further react with phenol to building blocks for polymers. The effect of impurities like NOx, CO2, and O2 on the activity and stability of the activated‐carbon (AC) catalyst and the follow‐up products should be evaluated. Therefore, new porous carbon catalysts and a new reactor are designed for a systematic kinetic study on the adsorption and desorption behaviors of CO and chlorine (Cl2) on carbon‐based materials to identify AC catalysts with optimum physical properties.
A model for the phosphorus dynamics in vanadium‐phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts for the oxidation of n‐butane to maleic anhydride was developed. According to the model, reversible sorption processes determine the phosphorus content of the catalyst. Simulations reveal that several phenomena can be successfully described. If no phosphorus is added to the reactant feed, the catalytic activity increases until runaway occurs. With addition of a proper amount of phosphorus, the loss can be compensated while excessive phosphorus addition results in complete catalyst deactivation. Adjusting the model parameters to experimental data may result in a model that can be used to optimize the performance of maleic anhydride reactors.
The conversion of bio‐based succinic acid (SA) to the value‐added chemicals 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) can replace the corresponding petrochemical production routes to achieve a sustainable process. The reaction network for aqueous‐phase catalytic hydrogenation of succinic acid over a supported Re‐Pd catalyst was identified and the reaction kinetics was determined. With the developed kinetic model, the composition of the product mixture regarding the desired products (BDO, GBL, THF) can be described as a function of educt concentration, temperature, and pressure. The maximum BDO yield was achieved at high pressure and low temperature, while low pressure and high temperature favored GBL and THF production.
The presented work evaluates the implementation of adsorption and desorption experiments with Cl2 over carbon materials towards the development of more active and stable catalysts for industrial phosgene synthesis. By using a soft templating method as a tool, ordered mesoporous carbon materials with tunable porosity, surface area, and degree of graphitization were synthesized and utilized as model system. The Cl2 adsorption/desorption properties of these materials were studied and compared to commercial activated carbon. To draw correlations between Cl2 adsorption/desorption behavior and catalytic performance, the materials were further tested in the phosgene formation in a plug flow reactor. However, the chemical reaction of Cl2 with carbon during the adsorption/desorption experiment hinders a direct correlation.
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