This study investigated the occupational exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) of a group of blast furnace workers from an integrated steelworks, compared to a control group having no significant occupational CO exposure from other areas in the same works. The study was undertaken in 1984 at Port Kembla, New South Wales. Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels before and after an eight-hour work shift were measured in 98 male steelworkers: 52 from two CO-exposed iron blast furnaces and 46 controls from production areas in the same steelworks. The sample was stratified by smoking habits. Environmental air CO levels had been found to be consistently higher on one furnace than on the other. Absorption of CO from the working environment occurred in workers on the blast furnace with higher CO levels, regardless of smoking habits. On this blast furnace, some readings of COHb levels after a workshift in nonsmokers approached the proposed Australian occupational limit of 5 per cent COHb saturation. Overall, workers with the highest occupational exposure who smoked most heavily had the highest absorption of CO over a work shift. Biological monitoring gives an accurate measure of individual worker 'dose' of CO from all sources. Both environmental monitoring and biological monitoring need to be included as part of a program for controlling occupational CO exposure. (Aust J Public Health 1992; 16: 262-8) ccupational exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) is a widespread industrial hazard, 0 occurring in processes where incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials takes place.' The health effects of carbon monoxide are described in detail elsewhere.' Briefly, CO binds to haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), competitively displacing oxygen and impairing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. It also affects enzyme systems involved in cellular respiration, for example the cytochrome P-450 system. Thus the organs most vulnerable to the effects of CO are those with a high metabolic demand for oxygen-the heart and the central nervous system. At similar COHb levels the fetus is also vulnerable for the same reason. Control of CO emissions is also important for climate modification, as CO can increase the concentration of several important greenhouse gases, and there is evidence now of a global increase in CO level^.:^.^ At present, the standard biological monitoring measure for CO exposure is percentage saturation of r e d b l o o d cell haemoglobin with carboxyhaemoglobin (per cent COHb). This measure correlates well with exposure, rising with increasing concentration and duration of exposure until a steady state is r e a~h e d .~The current Australian standard for occupational CO exposure is 50 parts per million (ppm) as an
In the first section of the paper, by reviewing the contemporary literature in this field, the author searches for answers to the following questions: What is reconciliation? Should it occur, why, and when? Who should participate in this process and how? What are the instruments of reconciliation? By examining the process of reconciliation, on an internal and external level, from an interpersonal and collective perspective, the author in the second section tries to bring together two reconciliation instruments, closely tied to the field of clinical psychology. Focusing on “healing by dealing with the past,” the author develops the framework for reconciliation. This framework involves three issues: the relevant facts of living in this region within the historical and socio-cultural context, a model that connects those facts, and the strategies to be undertaken for the path of recovery
During 2014 and 2015 within the EU funded FP7 research project ALTERNATIVE, the Victimology Society of Serbia implemented an action research with the aim to test the applicability of the ?Third way? model in multi-ethnic communities in Serbia, more directly affected by the wars in the former Yugoslavia, and to further up-grade it, both theoretically and practically. Additionally, the action research aimed at coming to the ideas about possible future steps, and developing a tool (practical guide/manual) for applying restorative approaches in intercultural settings in Serbia. The action research consisted of two parts: the participatory seminars titled From the conflict toward the peaceful life in the community, which were implemented in three multi-ethnic communities in Serbia (Medvedja, Prijepolje and Backa Palanka), and developing the Manual on best practices of applying restorative justice approaches in intercultural settings that should serve for raising awareness and education on restorative approaches in conflict transformation. The aim of the article is to present main theoretical departures and methodological approach of the action research, with a particular focus on the seminars, as well as main conclusions and lessons learned in regard applicability of restorative approaches in the multiethnic communities in Serbia. [The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union?s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-SEC-2011-1) under grant agreement n?285368]
The presence of myths about violence (mistaken, but resilient and broadly shared opinions) among those professionals who deal with violence in their work could interfere with their educational advancement and professional development. The goal of the research was to explore the presence and spread ability of the different kind of myths about violence among judiciary professionals. The method: This research was carried out within the framework of a specialist education on children rights for the family court judges. The questionnaire for the detection of myths was constructed on the basis of educational material and the data was collected at the beginning of the education process. The data have gathered from the 175 judiciary professionals. The results indicate that among the judiciary professionals a relatively small number of myths, related primarily to the causes and consequences of violence, is present. We found those results useful for the advancement of professional training and for the stimulation of similar research in the frame of the educational and intervention work of those experts.
Corporal punishment of children is a serious social problem and as such more and more recognized around the world and in recent years in our environment as well. The aim of this paper is to highlight the current contribution of experts of different profiles to the perception and understanding of these issues, as well as possible directions for their further, more active, professional and socially engaged involvement in its solving
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