The compound containing polar nitro group in para position has shown the best docking results, anti-inflammatory activity, low hepatotoxicity and good gastric tolerability.
Six β-hydroxy-β-aryl propanoic acids were synthesised using a modification of Reformatsky reaction which has already been reported. These acids belong to the aryl propanoic acid class of compounds, structurally similar to the NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, and an anti-inflammatory activity is thus expected. The aim of this work was to determine anti-inflammatory activity, examine gastric tolerability, and to carry out molecular docking experiments to identify potential COX-2 inhibitors among the β-hydroxy-β-aryl propanoic acids, and to elucidate the effect α-methyl substitution on the anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory activity and gastric tolerability were determined on rats using carragenan induced paw oedema method, and docking studies were carried out using Autodock v4.0.1. The range of ED50 values is between 127 µmol/kg and 15 µmol/kg, while the result for ibuprofen is 51.7 µmol/kg. Only slight hyperaemia or few petechiae were spotted on rat’s stomach. The results indicate that all compounds possess significant anti-inflammatory activity after oral administration, and that 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-3,3-diphenyl-propanoic acid has greatest activity, surpassing that of ibuprofen, a standard NSAID. Another compound, 3-hydroxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid, shows activity matching that of ibuprofen, and is non-chiral and is proven to be non-toxic. The most of investigated compounds have interactions with P3 anchor site like COX-2 selective inhibitors. No tested substances or ibuprofen produced any significant gastric lesions.
The pKa values of twelve ?-hydroxy-?-arylalkanoic acids and ibuprofen were determined using a modified RP-HPLC method. The stationary phase was octadecyl modified (C-18) silica gel, and the mobile phases were mixtures of methanol and one of ten different buffers (60:40 volume ratio). The mean retention time of each compound was plotted against the pH of each of the ten used mobile phases. The inflection point of the obtained sigmoidal curve represents the s w pKa of a compound. Using s w pKa in previously established equations for the specific methanol/buffer mixture, the w w pKa values (in pure water) were calculated. The obtained w w pKa values for the synthesized compounds were in a range from 3.40 to 3.74, and the w w pKa for ibuprofen was 4.27. The Predicted pKa values for this type of compounds in the MarvinSketch 5.11.5. Program were in poor correlation with the experimental results, while in ACD/ /I-Labs pKa values were calculated as a wide range. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 172041]
The serotonin receptor ligands and their related compounds are used for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. The retention profile of six serotonin receptor ligands such as aripiprazole, ziprasidone, risperidone, olanzapine, mianserin, and quetiapine was investigated on two stationary phases that differ in polarities (C8 alkyl and pentafluorophenylpropyl (PFP)). The design of experiments (DoE) methodology was used to define the retention mechanism and to produce acceptable separation results. The chromatographic conditions that provide the best selectivity characteristics are considered for the separation of structurally related oxidative impurities. The selected conditions (C8 stationary phase, 40% acetonitrile, 20mM ammonium acetate, 25 ℃) showed better sensitivity and improved selectivity in the separation of aripiprazole, ziprasidone, and their oxidative degradants compared to the already developed high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The selected method was validated for the determination of aripiprazole in pharmaceutical forms and was found to be selective, sensitive, precise, accurate, and robust. It can be used as a basis for rapid chromatographic profiling of serotonin receptor ligands and their related impurities.
Parametri lipofilnosti (logP) su određeni za trinaest sintetisanih β-hidroksi-β-arilalkanskih kiselina primenom reverzno fazne tečne hromatografije. Ispitivanje je urađeno na derivatima kojima je tokom prethodnih istraživanja okarakterisana antiinflamatorna aktivnost i pretpostavljena je potencijalna selektivnost prema inhibiciji ciklooksigenaze-2. Oktadecilmodifikovani (C-18) silikagel je predstavljao stacionarnu fazu, a korišćene su četiri mobilne faze u kojima je variran udeo metanola. Hromatografski su testirana jedinjenja sa poznatim logP vrednostima (aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproksen i fenantren) i sintetisana jedinjenja. Na osnovu retencionog vremena za svako standardno i sintetisano jedinjenje izračunate su vrednosti logk (logaritam faktora kapaciteta). Odsečak na y osi grafika zavisnosti logk od udela metanola u mobilnoj fazi za svako jedinjenje predstavlja vrednost logK w (vrednost retencionog faktora za hromatografski sistem u kome je sadržaj organske komponente nula) za dato jedinjenje. Konstruisan je grafik zavisnosti logP za standardna jedinjenja od njihovih eksperimentalno dobijenih logK w vrednosti i uspostavljena je linearna zavisnost. Interpolacijom logK w sa grafika su očitane vrednosti logP za sintetisana jedinjenja. Dobijene vrednosti su u opsegu od 2,901 do 3,847. Za predviđanje logP vrednosti korišćeni su računarski programi: AlogPS, Molinspiration, MarvinSketch i KOWWIN. Najbolja korelacija između eksperimentalno određenih i predviđenih rezultata je u programu KOWWIN (R 2 =0,8864), što čini ovaj program pogodnim za predviđanje logP vrednosti ovog tipa jedinjenja.
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