The dominant religions in Southeastern European countries (Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Albania), Orthodoxy, Islam, and Catholicism, contain social teachings, which include several norms that deal with certain forms of economic practices. These post-socialist societies develop various forms of informal practices, some of which are contrary to elements of religious social teachings and religious ethics. In the process of the revitalization of religiosity after the fall of socialism in this region, the question can be posed as to whether the attitude towards informality and the application of certain informal economic practices, which range from the illegitimate to the illegal (getting things “done” through informal connections, tax evasion, corruption), correlates to some extent with the level of religiosity and the type of religion. The results of the research show that there is a connection between belonging to a certain confession or religion, self-declared religiosity and level of religiosity, and approving of informal practices and engaging in them. At the state level, a specific dynamic was developed even when it came to approving of and engaging in informal practices depending on whether the members of certain confessions were a minority or a majority at the level of the observed country.
Large-scale fires in densely populated urban areas impose long-term consequences to different community levels. The main purpose of the presented cross-sectional research is to describe relations between demographic, socio-economic, organizational, infrastructural, psychological factors and citizens' resilience to fire incidents. The city representing the chosen case study has recorded severe fires in residential buildings with civilian fatalities, injuries and extensive material damage. The researcher applied linear regressions, correlations and binary logistic regressions in order to prove hypotheses. The research results have confirmed general and special hypotheses used in previous disaster management studies related to other types of hazards in urban communities. New perspectives have been opened for further consideration of social capital and the strength of religious faith in terms of citizen fire resilience. The specificity of this multicultural community-based research is reflected in the selective sampling of respondents who provided answers to significant and broad spectrum aspects of resilience, including pre-fire, immediate and post-fire phases of incidents.
U
radu se prezentuje ekonomska dimenzija terorizma kroz analizu potreba
terorističkih organizacija za finansijskim sredstvima, moduli finasiranja
terorizma i veza sa pranjem novca. Finansijska sredstva predstavljaju jedan od
najvažnijih preduslova za održavanje infrastrukture terorističkih
organizacija i izvođenje terorističkih aktivnosti. Sredstva stečena legalnim
i ilegalnim putem pripadnici terorističkih organizacija tehnikama pranja novca
sprovode kroz finansijske sisteme, prikrivajući svrhu novca namenjenu za
organizovanje terorističkih napada. Zbog globalne prirode problema pranja
novca i finansiranja terorizma, preventivni mehanizmi obuhvataju saradnju
finansijskih, obaveštajnih službi i međunarodnih organizacija uz jačanje
nacionalnih institucija koje se bave navedenim problemom. Brojne smernice,
konvencije i preporuke novijeg datuma (u okviru EU, OUN, FATF) skreću pažnju
na potrebu detekcije terorističkih aktivnosti u pripremnoj fazi poput
putovanja (tranzita) terorista, finansiranja logističke podrške
terorističkih aktivnosti i nabavke naoružanja (eksplozivnih materija)
potrebnih za izvođenje napada.
Bezbednost države i društva se analizira i posmatra kao najvažniji segment opstanka naroda i njihovih tvorevina, kao što su postojeći kapacitet, razvoj i kvalitet života. U tom smislu posebno je indikativno bezbednosno okruženje koje predstavlja "neizbežnu" temu istraživanja u različitim naukama. Pretnje su neposredni oblik ugrožavanja bezbednosti i mogu ugroziti postojanje i opstanak države. Pretnje treba shvatiti ozbiljno i realno ih definisati, i sa navedenim pristupom, Bugarska može da reši pretnje ili čak da preduzme mere za smanjenje štete koja se ne može u potpunosti sprečiti.
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